1993 Polish parliamentary election

1993 Polish parliamentary election
← 1991 19 September 1993 (1993-09-19) 1997 →
Turnout52.10% (Increase 8.90pp)
Sejm
All 460 seats in the Sejm
231 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Kwaśniewski 1998.jpg
Waldemar Pawlak Srebrne Usta 2006 (cropped).jpg
Tadeusz Mazowiecki 1998.jpg
Leader Aleksander Kwaśniewski Waldemar Pawlak Tadeusz Mazowiecki
Party SLD PSL UD
Leader since 30 January 1990 29 June 1991 May 1991
Leader's seat Warsaw Płock Poznań
Last election 60 seats, 12% 48 seats, 8.7% 62 seats, 12.3%
Seats won 171 132 74
Seat change Increase 111 Increase 84 Increase 12
Popular vote 2,815,169 2,124,367 1,460,957
Percentage 20.4% 15.4% 10.6%
Swing Increase 8.4% Increase 6.7% Decrease 1.7%
  Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party
 
Ryszard Bugaj2.jpg
Leszek Moczulski.JPG
Andrzejgasienicamakowski54.jpg
Leader Ryszard Bugaj Leszek Moczulski Andrzej Gąsienica-Makowski
Party UP KPN BBWR
Leader since 1992 1 September 1979 1993
Leader's seat Warsaw Kraków Nowy Sącz
Last election Did not exist 46 seats, 7.5% Did not exist
Seats won 41 22 16
Seat change New Decrease 24 New
Popular vote 1,005,004 795,487 746,653
Percentage 7.3% 5.8% 5.4%
Swing New Decrease 1.7% New
Senate
All 100 seats in the Senate
51 seats needed for a majority
Party Leader Vote % Seats +/–
SLD Aleksander Kwaśniewski 18.31 37 +33
PSL Waldemar Pawlak 11.88 36 +29
UD Tadeusz Mazowiecki 10.69 4 −17
KO "S" Marian Krzaklewski 9.84 9 −2
BBWR Andrzej Gąsienica-Makowski 8.05 2 New
UP Ryszard Bugaj 4.11 2 New
KLD Donald Tusk 3.99 1 −5
ZP Kazimierz Barczyk [pl] 2.23 1 New
PSL-PL Gabriel Janowski 1.05 1 −4
MN Henryk Kroll 0.46 1 0
KIK – SRK [pl][a] Barbara Łękawa [pl] 0.37 1 New
NSZZ RI "S" Roman Wierzbicki [pl] 0.12 1
Independents – 4.01 4 +4
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Government before Government after
Suchocka cabinet
UD—ZChN—KLD—PSL-PL—SLCh—PChD—PPG		 Second Pawlak Cabinet
SLD (SdRP)—PSL
Politics of Poland
Government
Legislature
Executive
Judiciary
Elections
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Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 19 September 1993. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The elections were won by the left-wing parties of the Democratic Left Alliance and the Polish People's Party, who formed a coalition government. The coalition was just four seats short of a supermajority.

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 1993 Polish parliamentary election

Results

Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by electoral district.

Sejm

Because of the introduction of electoral thresholds set at 5% for party lists and 8% for coalitions, 34% of valid votes were wasted.[1]

Party or allianceVotes%Seats+/–
Democratic Left AllianceSocial Democracy of the Republic of Poland1,615,35511.7177+32
All-Poland Alliance of Trade Unions307,5362.2325–
Democratic Union of Women [pl]39,9400.292–
Polish Socialist Party38,0150.284+4
National Party of Retirees and Pensioners[b]7,1260.050–
Polish Socialist Youth Union6,2450.051–
Independents and others800,9525.8162–
Total2,815,16920.41171+111
Polish People's Party2,124,36715.40132+84
Democratic Union1,460,95710.5974+12
Labour Union1,005,0047.2841+36
Catholic Electoral
Committee "Fatherland"		Christian National Union415,8653.010−49
Party of Christian Democrats145,4771.050−4
Christian-Peasant Party134,0130.970−10
Conservative Party71,2950.520New
Federation of Polish Entrepreneurship22,4570.160−2
Rural Solidarity8,9670.060New
Independents and others80,3710.580New
Total878,4456.370−65
Confederation of
Independent Poland		Confederation of Independent Poland392,9852.8511–
Solidarity 80 [pl]21,5470.160–
Polish Ecological Party "The Greens"18,4020.130–
Rural Solidarity5,2040.040–
Independents and others357,3492.5911–
Total795,4875.7722–24
Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms746,6535.4116New
Solidarity676,3344.900–27
Centre Agreement – Polish Union609,9734.420–44
Liberal Democratic Congress550,5783.990–37
Real Politics Union438,5593.180–3
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland383,9672.780New
Party X377,4802.740–3
Coalition for the RepublicMovement for the Republic34,4940.250New
Party of Polish Democracy12,0110.090−1
Rural Solidarity11,5610.080New
Solidarity 80 [pl]7,8070.060New
Freedom Party [pl]4,7090.030New
Patriotic Forum of Fighting Poland1,3620.010New
National Party9340.0100
National Party of the Unemployed6020.000New
Independents and others298,4432.160New
Total371,9232.700New
Peasants' AgreementRural Solidarity33,5920.240–
Peasants' Agreement19,4520.140–
Solidarity8830.010–
Independents273,1581.980–
Total327,0852.370–28
German MinorityGerman Minority of Silesian Opole60,7700.443−4
Social-Cultural Association of Germans - DFK [pl]23,3960.171New
German Community "Reconciliation and Future" [pl]13,7760.1000
German Minority of Częstochowskie Vvs.10,0680.070New
German Minority of Olsztyńskie Vvs.2,4440.020New
Total110,4540.804–3
Polish Beer-Lovers' PartyPolish Party of the Greens [pl]1240.0000
Independents14,2580.100–16
Total14,3820.100–16
Local lists and independents109,4100.7900
Total13,796,227100.004600
Valid votes13,796,22795.70
Invalid/blank votes619,3594.30
Total votes14,415,586100.00
Registered voters/turnout27,677,30252.08
Source: National Electoral Commission[2]

By constituency

No. Constituency Total
seats 		Seats won
SLD PSL UD UP KPN BBWR MN
1 Warsaw I 17 7 5 3 1 1
2 Warsaw II 8 2 2 2 1 1
3 Biała Podlaska 3 1 2
4 Białystok 7 4 1 1 1
5 Bielsko-Biała 9 3 1 2 1 1 1
6 Bydgoszcz 11 6 2 2 1
7 Chełm 3 1 2
8 Ciechanów 4 2 2
9 Częstochowa 8 3 2 1 1 1
10 Elbląg 5 3 1 1
11 Gdańsk 15 5 2 3 2 1 2
12 Gorzów Wielkopolski 5 2 2 1
13 Jelenia Góra 5 2 1 1 1
14 Kalisz 7 3 3 1
15 Sosnowiec 10 6 1 1 1 1
16 Katowice 17 6 1 4 2 2 2
17 Gliwice 14 4 1 3 1 2 2 1
18 Kielce 11 4 4 1 1 1
19 Konin 5 2 3
20 Koszalin 5 3 1 1
21 Kraków 13 3 2 4 1 2 1
22 Krosno 5 1 2 1 1
23 Legnica 5 3 1 1
24 Leszno 4 2 2
25 Lublin 10 4 4 1 1
26 Łomża 4 1 3
27 Łódź 12 5 1 2 2 1 1
28 Nowy Sącz 7 1 2 1 1 2
29 Olsztyn 8 4 2 1 1
30 Opole 10 3 2 1 1 3
31 Ostrołęka 4 1 3
32 Piła 5 3 1 1
33 Piotrków Trybunalski 7 2 3 1 1
34 Płock 5 1 4
35 Poznań 14 4 2 5 3
36 Przemyśl 4 1 3
37 Radom 8 2 4 1 1
38 Rzeszów 7 2 3 1 1
39 Siedlce 7 2 5
40 Sieradz 4 1 3
41 Skierniewice 4 1 3
42 Słupsk 4 2 1 1
43 Suwałki 5 2 2 1
44 Szczecin 10 4 1 2 1 1 1
45 Tarnobrzeg 6 2 3 1
46 Tarnów 7 1 4 1 1
47 Toruń 7 3 2 1 1
48 Wałbrzych 8 4 1 2 1
49 Włocławek 4 3 1
50 Wrocław 12 4 2 3 1 1 1
51 Zamość 5 1 4
52 Zielona Góra 7 3 2 1 1
National list 69 26 20 14 9
Total 460 171 132 74 41 22 16 4
Source: National Electoral Commission

Senate

Voters were able to cast as many votes as there were seats available in their constituency.[3]

PartyVotes%Seats+/–
Democratic Left Alliance4,993,06118.3137+33
Polish People's Party3,238,99911.8836+29
Democratic Union2,913,77310.694–17
Solidarity2,683,0859.849–2
Nonpartisan Bloc for Support of Reforms2,193,9708.052New
Confederation of Independent Poland1,646,6546.040–4
Labour Union1,121,7444.112New
Liberal Democratic Congress1,088,7693.991–5
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland650,7272.390New
Polish Union607,6242.231New
Christian National Union486,3871.780New
Real Politics Union434,6571.5900
Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"323,1351.190–9
Silesian Autonomy Movement304,8771.120New
Coalition for the Republic290,3611.060New
Peasants' Agreement285,4061.051–4
Democratic Party218,2950.8000
Polish Convention [pl]156,1290.570New
Association of Friends of the John Paul II Museum [pl]155,5380.570New
Citizens' Electoral Committee129,9610.480New
German Minority124,9860.4610
KIK–SRK [pl][c]99,7370.371New
Service to the Child[d]90,7900.330–
Party of Christian Democrats81,0290.300–
Polish Beer-Lovers' Party77,3650.280–
Kashubian–Pomeranian Association75,0380.280–
Patriotic Forum of Fighting Poland[e]63,7520.230–
Club of Catholic Intelligentsia – Lublin [pl][f]60,9350.220–
Orthodox Electoral Committee51,8150.190–
Polish Federation of Engineering Associations46,1310.170–
Social Movement for the Region and Poland37,9840.140–
Polish Aid Council37,7800.140–
Fatherland – Polish List37,0550.140–
Disabled People Live Among Us35,1500.130–
Rural Solidarity[g]33,6820.121–
Party X33,2230.1200
PIAST [pl]31,1870.110–
Rural Solidarity[h]27,3620.100–
Christian-Peasant Party[i]27,1370.100–
Polish Dignity22,3480.080–
Defense of Working People22,1370.080–
People not Parties20,0860.070–
District Council of Nurses and Midwives19,1890.070–
TEMIDA Lawyers' Association18,0790.070–
Experience-Expertise-Prudence17,0830.060–
Health–Knowledge–Success16,8350.060–
About Polish Farming16,2300.060–
For the Health of Poles15,6050.060–
TKKFKŻAK [pl]15,4070.060–
National Committee of Voters[j]15,4060.060–
Help for the Victims and the Needy15,2560.060–
Alliance of Christian Groups13,3500.050–
Woman Poland and Independence12,7620.050–
Polish Greens Party [pl]12,6310.050–
Catholic Society for the Service of Children11,8800.040–
Polish Socialist Party10,9850.040–
Union of Poles in Poland10,7050.040–
National Party[k]10,2350.040–
Conservative Party10,2310.040–
Polish Ecological Union10,1570.040–
Civic Forum9,8920.040–
White and Red9,5240.030–
For Political and Economic Order9,0630.03––
Regional Electoral Initiative8,3060.030–
FAMILY8,2730.030–
Association of Sybiraks [pl]6,7980.020–
Catholic Justice Action "Equality"4,8560.020–
Local lists696,3542.550–
Independents[l]1,198,9994.404–
Total27,263,952100.001000
Valid votes13,985,53597.07
Invalid/blank votes422,8322.93
Total votes14,408,367100.00
Registered voters/turnout27,655,49552.10
Source: Prawo

By voivodeship

Voivodeship Total seats Seats won
SLD PSL KO "S" UD BBWR KLD Others
Biała Podlaska 2 2
Białystok 2 1 1
Bielsko 2 1 1
Bydgoszcz 2 2
Chełm 2 1 1
Ciechanów 2 1 1
Częstochowa 2 1 1
Elbląg 2 1 1
Gdańsk 2 1 1
Gorzów 2 1 1
Jelenia Góra 2 2
Kalisz 2 2
Katowice 3 1 1 1
Kielce 2 1 1
Konin 2 2
Koszalin 2 1 1
Kraków 2 1 1
Krosno 2 1 1
Legnica 2 1 1
Leszno 2 2
Lublin 2 1 1
Łomża 2 1 1
Łódź 2 1 1
Nowy Sącz 2 1 1
Olsztyn 2 1 1
Opole 2 1 1
Ostrołęka 2 1 1
Piła 2 1 1
Piotrków 2 1 1
Płock 2 2
Poznań 2 1 1
Przemyśl 2 1 1
Radom 2 1 1
Rzeszów 2 1 1
Siedlce 2 2
Sieradz 2 2
Skierniewice 2 2
Słupsk 2 1 1
Suwałki 2 1 1
Szczecin 2 2
Tarnobrzeg 2 2
Tarnów 2 1 1
Toruń 2 1 1
Wałbrzych 2 2
Warsaw 3 1 1 1
Włocławek 2 2
Wrocław 2 2
Zamość 2 2
Zielona Góra 2 1 1
Total 100 37 36 10 4 2 1 10
Source: National Electoral Commission

Notes

  1. ^ Barbara Łękawa [pl], the only elected candidate, was seated in the Senate as part of NSZZ "Solidarność"
  2. ^ Results of parties that merged to form the National Party of Retirees and Pensioners in the following months.
  3. ^ Barbara Łękawa [pl], the only elected candidate, was seated in the Senate as part of NSZZ "Solidarność"
  4. ^ The two candidates, Maria Hrabowska [pl] in Gdańsk and Ryszard Pacławski in Krosno were both leaders of the Polish Scouting and Guiding Association
  5. ^ Part of the Coalition for the Republic
  6. ^ Unaffiliated with the other KIK circles.
  7. ^ Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of Individual Farmers "Solidarity" Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy Rolników Indywidualnych "Solidarność" (Polish)
  8. ^ "Rolnicza Solidarność" (Polish), unaffiliated with Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of Individual Farmers "Solidarity"
  9. ^ Part of the Catholic Electoral Committee "Fatherland"
  10. ^ National Party: Maciej Giertych, Andrzej Fedorowicz
  11. ^ National Party: Eugeniusz Grzejdniak
  12. ^ Henryk Stokłosa [pl], Elżbieta Solska [pl], Jerzy Madej [pl], Aleksander Gawronik

References

  1. ^ "Electoral Systems -- The Systems and Their Consequences. Proportional representation related issues : The Threshold". ACE Electoral Knowledge Network.
  2. ^ "Wybory do Sejmu w 1993 r." danewyborcze.kbw.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  3. ^ Nohlen & Stöver, p1487
  • Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 23 IX 1993 r., Monitor Polski. Nr 50, poz. 470, sprostowanie – M.P. z 1994 r., Nr 2, poz. 8
  • Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 23 IX 1993 r., M.P. Nr 50, poz. 471; sprostowanie – M.P. z 1994 r., Nr 2, poz. 8

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Ernst Abbe

German physicist, entrepreneur, and social reformer (1840–1905) Ernst AbbeHonFRMSBorn(1840-01-23)23 January 1840Eisenach, Saxe-Weimar-EisenachDied14 January 1905(1905-01-14) (aged 64)Jena, German EmpireNationalityGermanAlma materUniversity of GöttingenUniversity of JenaKnown forAbbe refractometerAbbe numberScientific careerFieldsPhysicsOptical engineeringInstitutionsUniversity of JenaDoctoral advisorWilhelm Eduard WeberKarl SnellDoctoral studentsHeinrich Friedrich WeberOther...