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The Smith–Purcell effect was the precursor of the free-electron laser (FEL). It was studied by Steve Smith, a graduate student under the guidance of Edward Purcell. In their experiment, they sent an energetic beam of electrons very closely parallel to the surface of a ruled optical diffraction grating, and thereby generated visible light.[1] Smith showed there was negligible effect on the trajectory of the inducing electrons. Essentially, this is a form of Cherenkov radiation where ...

Religious radio station in Boston WROL is also an acronym, meaning without rule of law. WROLBoston, MassachusettsUnited StatesBroadcast areaGreater BostonFrequency950 kHzBrandingAM 950 WROLProgrammingLanguage(s)EnglishFormatChristian radioAffiliationsSalem Radio NetworkOwnershipOwnerSalem Media Group(Salem Media of Massachusetts, LLC)Sister stationsWEZEHistoryFoundedJanuary 29, 1927 (1927-01-29)[1]First air dateOctober 8, 1950 (1950-10-08)[2]Forme...

Nicola di Grecia e DanimarcaPrincipe di Grecia e DanimarcaStemma In caricadal 1º ottobre 1969 TrattamentoSua Altezza Reale NascitaClinica Villa Claudia, Roma, Italia, 1º ottobre 1969 (54 anni) DinastiaSchleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (Grecia) PadreCostantino II di Grecia MadreAnna Maria di Danimarca ConsorteTatiana Blatnik ReligioneOrtodossia greca Nicola di Grecia (in greco moderno Νικόλαος της Ελλάδας; Roma, 1º ottobre 1969) è un principe greco, Sec...

Yang MuliaSam NujomaNujoma pada 2004 Presiden Namibia pertamaMasa jabatan21 Maret 1990 – 21 Maret 2005Perdana MenteriHage Geingob (1990–2002)Theo-Ben Gurirab (2002–2005) Pendahulukantor didirikanPenggantiHifikepunye PohambaPresiden SWAPOMasa jabatan19 April 1960 – 29 November 2007 Pendahulukantor didirikanPenggantiHifikepunye PohambaPresiden OPOMasa jabatan19 April 1959 – 19 April 1960 Pendahulukantor didirikanPenggantikantor dibubarkan Informasi pribadiLa...

الأزمة السياسية التونسية 2021–2022 في الأعلى: مظاهرة مناهضة للانقلاب، تونس، 10 أكتوبر 2021. في الأسفل: مظاهرة مساندة للإجراءات الرئاسية، تونس، 3 أكتوبر 2021. التاريخ 25 يوليو 2021 – 25 يوليو 2022(سنة واحدة) بداية: 25 يوليو 2021 المكان  تونس الحالة رئيس الجمهورية قيس سعيد يقيل حكومة هشام ال...

Об экономическом термине см. Первородный грех (экономика). ХристианствоБиблия Ветхий Завет Новый Завет Евангелие Десять заповедей Нагорная проповедь Апокрифы Бог, Троица Бог Отец Иисус Христос Святой Дух История христианства Апостолы Хронология христианства Ран�...

Debbie ReynoldsReynolds pada tahun 1954LahirMary Frances Reynolds(1932-04-01)1 April 1932El Paso, Texas, A.S.Meninggal28 Desember 2016(2016-12-28) (umur 84)Los Angeles, California, A.S.PekerjaanAktris, penyanyi, penari, aktivis, penghibur, pebisnisTahun aktif1948–2016Suami/istriEddie Fisher ​ ​(m. 1955; c. 1959)​ Harry Karl ​ ​(m. 1960; c. 1973)​ Richard Hamlett ​ ​(...

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'omonima testata giornalistica, vedi Rai Sport (struttura). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento reti televisive italiane non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Rai SportLogo dell'emittenteStato Italia Linguaitaliano Tipotematico Targettutti VersioniRai Sport SD 576i (SDTV)(data di lancio: 1º febbraio ...

City in Perm Krai, Russia This article is about the city. For other uses, see Perm (disambiguation) § Places. This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Perm, Russia – ...

Masjid Katedral Sankt-PeterburgСанкт-Пе́те́рбургская соборная ме́че́тьTampak depan dari Masjid Sankt-PeterburgAgamaAfiliasiIslam – SunniProvinsi Oblast LeningradLokasiLokasiSankt-PeterburgNegara RusiaArsitekturArsitekNikolai VasilyevTipeMasjidRampung1921SpesifikasiKapasitas5,000Kubah1Tinggi luar kubah39 meterMenara2Tinggi menara49 meter Masjid Katedral Sankt-Peterburg (bahasa Rusia: Санкт-Пе́те́рбургская соборная ...

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

Per informazioni storiche sulla XX dinastia egizia vedi la voce Nuovo regno dell'Egitto La XX dinastia si inquadra nel periodo della Storia dell'Antico Egitto detto Nuovo Regno e copre un arco di tempo dal 1185 a.C. al 1078 a.C. (± 30 anni). Indice 1 Cronologia 2 Genealogia 3 Note 4 Bibliografia 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Cronologia prenomen nomen Nome corrente periodo di regno Userkhaura-Meriamon-Setepenra Sethnakht-Meriramonra Sethnakht 1186 a.C. - 1184 a.C. Usermaatra Meriamo...

Former Royal Air Force station on the Isle of Man This article is about the former RAF station. For the former air weapons range, see RAF Jurby Head. RAF JurbyQuocunque Jeceris StabitIATA: noneICAO: noneSummaryAirport typeMilitaryOwnerAir MinistryOperatorRoyal Air ForceLocationJurby, Isle of ManBuilt1938 (1938)In use1939–1963 (1963)Elevation AMSL85 ft / 26 mCoordinates54°21′09″N 4°30′29″W / 54.35250°N 4.50806°W / 54.35250; -4.5080...

Joint American-German space mission to map Earth's gravitational field GRACEIllustration of the twin GRACE satellitesNamesGRACE-1 and GRACE-2[1][2] Tom and Jerry[1][2] ESSP-2A and ESSP-2B[3]Mission typeGravitational scienceOperatorNASA · DLRCOSPAR ID2002-012A2002-012BSATCAT no.27391 and 27392Websitewww.csr.utexas.edu/graceMission durationPlanned: 5 years Final: 15 years, 7 months, 9 days Spacecraft propertiesBusFlexbus[3...

Sum of product fitness processes in a business This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs additional citations for verifica...

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修，以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引，幫助编辑這個條目。（幫助、討論） 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细，需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸，輔助�...

ابن عوض معلومات شخصية مكان الميلاد مَرْدا، قرية من قرى نابلس بفلسطين. تاريخ الوفاة بعد 1140هـ مواطنة الدولة العثمانية  الحياة العملية تعلم لدى الخلوتي،  وابن قائد  التلامذة المشهورون أحمد الدمنهوري  المهنة فقيه  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   أحمد بن محمد بن عوض المردا...

  دولينا (بالأوكرانية: Долина)‏  دولينا دولينا تقسيم إداري البلد أوكرانيا  [1] خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 48°58′13″N 24°00′39″E / 48.970277777778°N 24.010833333333°E / 48.970277777778; 24.010833333333   المساحة 27 كيلومتر مربع  الارتفاع 373 متر  السكان التعداد السكاني 20691 (1 يناير 2019) ...

Gerli PadarGerli Padar représentant l'Estonie lors du Concours Eurovision de la chanson 2007 (demi-finale).BiographieNaissance 6 novembre 1979 (44 ans)HaljalaNationalité estonienneActivité ChanteusePériode d'activité depuis 1994Fratrie Tanel PadarAutres informationsGenre artistique Popmodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Gerli Padar (née le 6 novembre 1979 à Haljala, Estonie) est une artiste estonienne. Elle est surtout connue pour son interprétation de la chanson Part...

British politician (1953–2023) The Right HonourableThe Lord Darling of RoulanishPCOfficial portrait, 2007Chancellor of the ExchequerIn office28 June 2007 – 11 May 2010Prime MinisterGordon BrownPreceded byGordon BrownSucceeded byGeorge Osborne Secretary of State for Trade and Industry President of the Board of Trade In office5 May 2006 – 27 June 2007Prime MinisterTony BlairPreceded byAlan JohnsonSucceeded byJohn Hutton[a]Secretary of State for ScotlandIn office1...