1935 Greek monarchy referendum

3 November 1935

Results

Choice	Votes	%
Yes	1,491,992	97.87%
No	32,454	2.13%
Valid votes	1,524,446	99.79%
Invalid or blank votes	3,268	0.21%
Total votes	1,527,714	100.00%

Politics of Greece
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v t e

A referendum on restoring the monarchy was held in Greece on 3 November 1935.^[1] The proposal was approved by nearly 97.9% of voters,^[2] although the conduct during the referendum is not considered to have been free or fair. George II returned from exile and was restored to the throne on 25 November 1935.^[3]

Background

After the defeat of Greece by the Turkish National Movement (the "Asia Minor Disaster" of 1922), the defeated army revolted against the royal government. King Constantine I was forced to abdicate in 1922, and died in exile in 1923. His eldest son and successor, King George II, was soon after asked by the parliament to leave Greece so the nation could decide what form of government it should adopt. In a 1924 referendum, Greeks voted to create a republic.^{[citation needed]}

In 1935, Prime Minister Georgios Kondylis, a former pro-Venizelos military officer, became the most powerful political figure in Greece. On 10 October, he compelled Panagis Tsaldaris to resign as Prime Minister and took over the government, suspending many constitutional provisions in the process. Kondylis, who had now joined the Conservatives, decided to hold a referendum in order to re-establish the monarchy, despite the fact that he used to be a supporter of the anti-monarchist wing of Greek politics.^{[citation needed]}

The referendum was scheduled to take place on 3 November per resolution "on the abolition of the republic" of 10 October 1935 (ΦΕΚ Α΄ 456).^[4]

Conduct

Observers of the time expressed serious doubts about the vote's legitimacy. Besides the implausibly high "yes" vote, the vote was held in far-from-secret circumstances. Voters dropped a blue piece of paper into the ballot box if they supported the king's return, or a red paper to retain the republic. Anyone who cast a red paper risked being beaten up.^[5]

Results


Choice	Votes	%
For	1,491,992	97.87
Against	32,454	2.13
Total	1,524,446	100.00

Valid votes	1,524,446	99.79
Invalid/blank votes	3,268	0.21
Total votes	1,527,714	100.00
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

References

^ Dieter Nohlen & Phillip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p830 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7
^ Nohlen & Stöver, p838
^ Miller, William (1936). "A New Era in Greece". Foreign Affairs. 14 (4): 654–661. JSTOR 20030766.
^ see Gazette 456, dated 10.10.1935, p. 2295
^ By the Grace of God Time, 18 November 1935

v t e Elections and referendums in Greece
Parliamentary elections	1823 1826 1829 1843 1844 1847 1850 1853 1856 1859 1861 1862 1865 1868 1869 1872 1873 1874 1875 1879 1881 1885 1887 1890 1892 1895 1899 1902 1905 1906 1910 (Aug) 1910 (Nov) 1912 1915 (May) 1915 (Dec) 1920 1923 1926 1928 1929 1932 1933 1935 1936 1946 1950 1951 1952 1956 1958 1961 1963 1964 1974 1977 1981 1985 1989 (Jun) 1989 (Nov) 1990 1993 1996 2000 2004 2007 2009 2012 (May) 2012 (Jun) 2015 (Jan) 2015 (Sep) 2019 2023 (May) 2023 (Jun) Next
Head of state elections	1862 (King) 1926 (President)
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European elections	1981 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024
Referendums	1920 1924 1935 1946 1968 1973 1974 2015
See also: Template:Greek presidential elections

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