The 1836–37 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between July 4, 1836, and November 7, 1837. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives, either before or after the first session of the 25th United States Congress convened on September 4, 1837. With Arkansas and Michigan officially achieving statehood in 1836 and 1837, respectively, the size of the House was set at 242 seats.
Though Democrat Martin Van Buren was elected president in November 1836, Democrats lost seats. The newly organizing Whigs benefited from regional candidacies and issues and voter fatigue with outgoing two-term President Andrew Jackson. Jackson, a flamboyant public personality with a record of high-profile leadership and historic military success, often clashed with Congress and the Supreme Court. By comparison, Van Buren, a brilliant partisan organizer and political operative, was less charismatic in looks and demeanor. Voter support for the minor Anti-Masonic and Nullifier parties ebbed, but remained significant. One Independent, John Pope, was elected from Kentucky.[1][2][3]
Special elections are sorted by date then district.
24th Congress
Note: In some sources, parties are listed as "Democrats" and "Whigs." However, they are listed here as "Jacksonian" and "Anti-Jacksonian" (respectively) to conform to the party names as they were regarded during the 24th United States Congress.
Incumbent died December 10, 1835. New member elected in early 1836 and seated April 29, 1836.[5] Jacksonian hold. Winner later elected to the next term; see below.
Seat declared vacant March 29, 1836. Incumbent re-elected August 4, 1836 and seated December 5, 1836.[5][7] National Republican hold. Incumbent later elected to the next term; see below.
Incumbent resigned February 26, 1836, due to ill health. New member elected October 10, 1836 and seated December 19, 1836.[5][8] Nullifier hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Incumbent resigned March 31, 1836. New member elected October 11, 1836 and seated December 5, 1836.[5][9] National Republican gain. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Incumbent died May 1, 1836. New member elected October 11, 1836 and seated December 19, 1836.[5][11] Jacksonian hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Incumbent died September 25, 1836. New member elected October 30, 1836 and seated December 26, 1836.[5][12] Nullifier gain. Winner had already been elected to the next term; see below.
Incumbent resigned October 30, 1836. New member elected November 4, 1836 and seated December 5, 1836.[5][13] Jacksonian hold. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Incumbent died July 31, 1836. New member elected November 7, 1836 and seated January 7, 1837.[5][14] Jacksonian hold. Winner lost election to the next term; see below.
Incumbent resigned March 29, 1836. New member elected November 7–9, 1836 and seated December 5, 1836.[5][15] Jacksonian hold. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Incumbent resigned September 2, 1836. New member elected November 9, 1836 and seated December 6, 1836.[5][16] National Republican gain. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Incumbent resigned November 3, 1836, to become Governor of New Jersey. New member elected November 15–16, 1836 and seated December 5, 1836.[5][17] National Republican gain. Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Incumbent resigned September 1, 1836. New member elected January 2, 1837 and seated January 31, 1837.[5][18] National Republican gain. Winner had already lost election to the next term; see below.
Incumbent died November 26, 1836. New member elected January 2, 1837 and seated January 25, 1837.[5] National Republican gain.[19] Winner later elected to the next term; see below.
Mississippi elected its members in November of odd numbered years (after the beginning of the term). As Congress had been called to meet in September, the governor ordered a special election to fill vacancies until the regular election. Incumbents re-elected July 18, 1837 and seated September 4, 1837.[20] Democratic hold. At their request the question of the validity of their election was referred to the Committee on Elections. The House decided October 3, 1837, they had been elected for the full term.[i]
The new state of Arkansas was admitted to the Union on June 15, 1836, and elected its sole at-large member August 1, 1836. He was seated December 5, 1836,[5] to finish the term that would end the following March.
Connecticut went from six at-large seats to six districts for the first time. Elections were held April 3, 1837, after the new term began but before the Congress convened. All incumbents from the at-large district were re-elected in districts.
A special election was held in Mississippi on July 17–18, 1837. Its winners were Democrats John F. H. Claiborne and Samuel J. Gholson. The first session of the 25th Congress was a special session beginning on September 4, 1837, extending to October 16. In November, Mississippi, held the regular election. Seargent Smith Prentiss, a Vicksburg lawyer and Whig, unexpectedly launched a vigorous, partisan campaign. He and fellow Whig Thomas J. Word won in an upset. Claiborne and Gholson then argued that the July result entitled them to serve full terms. With the Whig Party newly organizing, the closely divided House, in which Anti-Masons, Nullifiers, and the Independent tended to align more with Whigs and to oppose Democrats, agreed to hear Prentiss. He spoke for nine hours over three days, packing the gallery, drawing Senators, and earning a national reputation for oratory and public admiration from leading Whigs including Senators Clay and Webster. The Elections Committee then required a third election. Scheduled for April 1838, it confirmed the November result. Both Whigs were seated in May late in the second session, also serving for the third session.
Incumbent resigned February 26, 1836, because of ill-health. New member elected October 10, 1836. Nullifier hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term.
^Dubin, Michael J. (1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997 (1st ed.). United States of America: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. p. 115. ISBN0-7864-0283-0.
^"SC - District 04". November 17, 2008. Retrieved August 13, 2019 – via OurCampaigns.com.
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