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1712 Angola
Discovery
Discovered by	C. Jackson
Discovery site	Johannesburg Obs.
Discovery date	28 May 1935
Designations
MPC designation	(1712) Angola
Named after	Angola (country)
Alternative designations	1935 KC · 1929 GC; 1935 ML · 1946 JB; 1953 SD · 1963 MD
Minor planet category	main-belt · (outer)
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	87.94 yr (32,121 days)
Aphelion	3.6492 AU
Perihelion	2.6832 AU
Semi-major axis	3.1662 AU
Eccentricity	0.1525
Orbital period (sidereal)	5.63 yr (2,058 days)
Mean anomaly	190.35°
Mean motion	0° 10m 29.64s / day
Inclination	19.393°
Longitude of ascending node	237.61°
Argument of perihelion	18.217°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions	59.31 km (derived); 59.48±2.3 km; 64.904±1.218 km; 66.892±0.298; 70.07±1.03 km; 74.47±0.68 km
Synodic rotation period	11.527 h; 11.5274±0.0007 h; 11.53 h
Geometric albedo	0.029±0.003; 0.043±0.002; 0.0458 (derived); 0.0504±0.0126; 0.0600±0.005
Spectral type	P · C
Absolute magnitude (H)	9.8 · 10.1 · 10.15±0.24

1712 Angola, provisional designation 1935 KC, is a dark asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 66 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 May 1935, by English-born South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa.^[11] It is named after the Republic of Angola.^[2]

Orbit

Angola orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.7–3.6 AU once every 5 years and 8 months (2,058 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 19° with respect to the ecliptic.^[1] Angola was first identified as 1929 GC at Johannesburg in 1929, extending the body's observation arc by 6 years prior to its official discovery observation.^[11]

Lightcurve

In July 2003, French amateur astronomer René Roy obtained a rotational lightcurve of Angola. It gave a well-defined rotation period of 11.5274 hours with a brightness variation of 0.38 magnitude (U=3).^[9] Photometric observations by ESO's CCD-specialist Cyril Cavadore gave an identical period of 11.53 hours with an insufficient amplitude of 0.02 magnitude (U=1).^[9]

Spectra, diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite, and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Angola measures between 59.48 and 70.07 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.029 and 0.060.^[4]^[6]^[7]^[8] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link derives an albedo of 0.0458 and a diameter of 59.31 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 10.1.^[3] The carbonaceous C-type asteroid is also classified a dark P type by WISE.^[5]

Naming

This minor planet is named for Angola, the state on the southwestern coast of Africa.^[2] The approved naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 1 February 1980 (M.P.C. 5183).^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1712 Angola (1935 KC)" (2017-03-21 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
^ ^a ^b ^c Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1712) Angola". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1712) Angola. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 136. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1713. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "LCDB Data for (1712) Angola". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 22 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Tedesco, E. F.; Noah, P. V.; Noah, M.; Price, S. D. (October 2004). "IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0". NASA Planetary Data System. 12: IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0. Bibcode:2004PDSS...12.....T. Retrieved 22 October 2019.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
^ ^a ^b ^c Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1712) Angola". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
^ Veres, Peter; Jedicke, Robert; Fitzsimmons, Alan; Denneau, Larry; Granvik, Mikael; Bolin, Bryce; et al. (November 2015). "Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results". Icarus. 261: 34–47. arXiv:1506.00762. Bibcode:2015Icar..261...34V. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
^ ^a ^b "1712 Angola (1935 KC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 22 December 2016.