1693
Calendar year
January 11 : Mount Etna volcano erupts in Italy, leading to earthquake that kills 60,000 people .1693 (MDCXCIII ) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar , the 1693rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini 2nd millennium , the 93rd year of the 17th century , and the 4th year of the 1690s decade. As of the start of 1693, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
April 4 – Anne Palles becomes the last accused witch to be executed for witchcraft in Denmark , after having been convicted of using powers of sorcery. King Christian V accepts her plea not to be burned alive, and she is beheaded before her body is set afire.April 5 – The Order of Saint Louis , the first medal to be awarded in France to military personnel who are not members of nobility, is created by order of King Louis XIV, and named after his ancestor, King Louis IX.April 28 – The 90-gun English Royal Navy warship HMS Windsor Castle is wrecked beyond repair on the Goodwin Sands .April – Tituba , a slave who had been convicted at the Salem witch trials of practicing witchcraft after making a confession, is released from jail in Boston after 13 months when an unknown purchaser pays her jail fees.[ 4] May 18 – Forces of Louis XIV of France attack Heidelberg , capital of the Electorate of the Palatinate .May 22 – Heidelberg is taken by the invading French forces; on May 23 Heidelberg Castle is surrendered, after which the French blow up its towers using mines.June 5 – The first performance of the opera Didon Henri Desmarets takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.June 27 – Nine Years' War – Battle of Lagos off Portugal: The French fleet defeats the joint Dutch and English fleet.
October – William Congreve 's comedy The Double-Dealer [ 6] [ 7] October 4 – Battle of Marsaglia near Turin in the Duchy of Savoy : A French force under the command of General Nicolas Catinat defeats the Savoyard forces, leaving 10,000 dead or wounded, while sustaining only 1,000 casualties.October 11 – Charleroi falls to French forces.October 29 – The Great Storm changes the course of rivers and alters the coastline from Virginia to Long Island in America.[ 8] November 7 – King Charles II of Spain issues a royal edict providing sanctuary in Spanish Florida for escaped slaves from the English colony of South Carolina.[ 9] [ 10] November 14 – General Santaji Ghorpade of the Maratha Empire in India is defeated by General Himmat Khan of the Mughal Empire near Vikramhalli, and retreats. A week later, after regrouping his troops, Santaji defeats Himmat at their next encounter.November 21 – The 46-gun Royal Navy frigate HMS Mordaunt founders off of the coast of Cuba.November 29 – A fleet of 30 English and Dutch ships captures the French port of Saint-Malo December 16 – Diego de Vargas , Spanish colonial governor of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (now the area around the capital of the U.S. state of New Mexico ), returns to the walled city of Santa Fe and requests the Pueblo people to accept the authority of the colonial government. Negotiations fail and a siege begins on December 29. The Pueblo defenders surrender the next day and the 70 rebels are executed soon after. The 400 civilian women and children are made slaves and distributed to the Spanish colonists.[ 11] December 27 – The new 80-gun English Navy warship HMS Sussex departs Portsmouth on its maiden voyage, escorting a fleet of 48 warships and 166 merchant ships to the Mediterranean Sea. The fleet runs into a storm on February 27, 1694, and on March 1, Sussex and 12 other warships sink, along with a cargo of gold.
Date unknown
Births
Matthew Hutton (archbishop of Canterbury) born 3 January José del Campillo born 13 February Malhar Rao Holkar born 16 March Mary Alexander born 16 April Anne Sophie Reventlow born 16 April Thomas Gent born 4 May Diego de Torres Villarroel born 17 June Christian August Hausen born 19 June Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach born 13 September Marie-Madeleine de Parabère born 6 October Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon born 22 November Nathaniel Appleton born 9 December
January 1 – Francesco Carlo Rusca , Swiss painter (d. 1769 )January 3
January 12 – Queen Jeongseong , Queen Consort of Korea (d. 1757 )January 16 – Francesco Campora , Italian painter (d. 1763 )January 17 – Melchor de Navarrete , Spanish colonial governor of Florida and Mexico (d. 1761 )January 19
January 23 – Georg Bernhard Bilfinger , German mathematician (d. 1750 )January 26 – William Robinson , deputy governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1751 )January 28
January 29 – Henry Herbert, 9th Earl of Pembroke , English peer and architect (d. 1750 )January 30 – Countess Palatine Maria Anna of Neuburg , Countess Palatine of Neuburg by birth, Duchess of Bavaria (d. 1751 )February 12 – Avdotya Chernysheva , Russian lady-in-waiting (d. 1747 )February 13 – José del Campillo , Spanish politician (d. 1743 )February 15 – Peter Schenk the Younger , German engraver and map publisher (d. 1775 )February 24
March 2 – Sir Thomas Wheate, 2nd Baronet , English politician (d. 1746 )March 5 – Johann Jakob Wettstein , Swiss theologian (d. 1754 )March 6 – Edward Willes , English Anglican bishop and cryptanalyst (d. 1773 )March 7 – Pope Clement XIII , pope of the Catholic Church (d. 1769 )March 15 – Sir William Heathcote, 1st Baronet , British politician (d. 1751 )March 16 – Malhar Rao Holkar , Indian nobleman (d. 1766 )March 17 – Countess Palatine Elisabeth Auguste Sofie of Neuburg , Grandmother of Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria (d. 1728 )
April 1 – Melusina von der Schulenburg, Countess of Walsingham , British Countess (d. 1778 )April 3
April 4 – John West, 1st Earl De La Warr , British general (d. 1766 )April 13 – Johann Georg Keyßler , German polymath (d. 1743 )April 16
April 20 – Daniel Brodhead II , American justice of the peace (d. 1755 )April 25 – Sir Charles Hotham, 5th Baronet , British diplomat (d. 1738 )April 26 – William Wollaston , British politician (d. 1757 )April 29 – Asmus Ehrenreich von Bredow (d. 1756 )April 30 – Giuseppe Maria Feroni , Italian cardinal (d. 1767 )May 4 – Thomas Gent , Irish printer and writer (d. 1778 )May 9 – Charles Howard, 7th Earl of Suffolk , English Earl (d. 1722 )May 10
May 15 – Henry Winder , English chronologist (d. 1752 )May 24 – Georg Rafael Donner , Austrian sculptor (d. 1741 )May 31 – Bartolomeo Nazari , Italian painter (d. 1758 )June 1
June 17
June 19 – Christian August Hausen , German mathematician and physicist (d. 1743 )June 20 – Wilhelmina Maria Frederica of Rochlitz , Polish noble (d. 1729 )June 29 – Juan Bautista de Anza I , Spanish militar and explorer (d. 1740 )
July 7 – Gilles-François de Beauvais , French Jesuit (d. 1773 )July 12 – Jean-Baptiste de Brancas , Roman Catholic archbishop (d. 1770 )July 16 – Cecilia Rosa de Jesús Talangpaz , Servant of God (d. 1731 )July 17 – Gerard Melder , miniature and watercolor painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1754 )July 21 – Thomas Pelham-Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle , Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1768 )[ 16] July 26 – Alexandre Le Riche de La Poupelinière , Patron of music and literature (d. 1762 )August 1 – Hugh Hughes , Welsh poet (d. 1776 )August 7
August 8 – Laurent Belissen , French composer (d. 1762 )August 9
August 11 – Francisco de Merlo , Spanish noblemen, military and notary (d. 1758 )August 13 – Gustavus Handcock , Irish politician (d. 1751 )September 3 – Charles Radclyffe , Titular 5th Earl of Derwentwater (d. 1746 )September 7 – Victor I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym (d. 1772 )September 9 – Quinault-Dufresne , French actor (d. 1767 )September 10 – James MacSparran , Church of England clergyman in America (d. 1757 )September 13 – Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach , Austrian architect (d. 1742 )September 19 – Louis Charles Armand Fouquet , French general and diplomat (d. 1747 )September 21 – Thomas Secker , Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1768 )September 22 – Simon Nikolaus Euseb von Montjoye-Hirsingen , Prince Bishop of Basel (d. 1775 )
October 3 – Conway Blennerhassett , Irish politician (d. 1724 )October 5 – Johann Christian Buxbaum , German physician, botanist and traveller (d. 1730 )October 6 – Marie-Madeleine de Parabère , French aristocrat (d. 1755 )October 9 – Johann Lorenz von Mosheim , German church historian (d. 1755 )October 11
October 14 – Daniel Maichel , German philosopher (d. 1752 )October 15 – Sir Edward Wilmot, 1st Baronet , Royal surgeon (d. 1786 )October 18
October 20 – Gideon Wanton , Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1767 )October 21
October 22 – Thomas Fairfax, 6th Lord Fairfax of Cameron , American planter (d. 1781 )October 25 – Antoine Ferrein , French anatomist (d. 1769 )October 28 – Šimon Brixi , Czech composer (d. 1735 )October 30 – Samuel Chew , American judge (d. 1743 )November 5 – Ivan Neplyuyev , Russian noble (d. 1773 )November 9 – Countess Henriette Charlotte of Nassau-Idstein , German princess (d. 1734 )November 10 – Roland-Michel Barrin de La Galissonière , French admiral (d. 1756 )November 13 – Thomas Watson-Wentworth, 1st Marquess of Rockingham , British politician (d. 1750 )November 22
November 28 – Anthonie van der Heim , Dutch politician, urban magistrate and judge in Rotterdam, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. 1746 )November 30 – Christoph Förster , German composer (d. 1745 )December 9 – Nathaniel Appleton , Congregational minister (d. 1784 )December 29 – Pierre Joseph Céloron de Blainville , French explorer (d. 1759 )date unknown – Heyat Mahmud , Bengali poet (d. 1760 )
Deaths
Mehmed IV died 6 January Marguerite de la Sablière died 6 January Federico Visconti died 7 January John de Britto died 4 February Constantin Cantemir died 24 March Adriaantje Hollaer died 31 March Roger de Rabutin, comte de Bussy died 9 April Rutger von Ascheberg died 17 April Madame de La Fayette died 25 May Willem Kalf died 31 July Flavio Chigi died 13 September Bankei Yōtaku died 30 September Theodor von Strattman died 25 October Kyprian Zochovskyj died 26 October Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde died 23 November Willem van de Velde the Elder died 13 December
January 1 – Theodor Undereyck , German theologian (b. 1635 )January 4 – Thomas Hanford , first minister in Norwalk, Connecticut (b. 1621 )January 6
January 7
January 8 – Jan Andrzej Morsztyn , Polish poet (b. 1621 )January 21 – Honda Toshinaga , daimyo (b. 1635 )January 27 – Anthony Lowther , English politician (b. 1641 )January 31
February 4 – John de Britto , Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (b. 1647 )February 7 – Paul Pellisson , French writer (b. 1624 )February 9 – William Turner , English Sheriff, Lord Mayor and M.P. of London (b. 1615 )February 11 – John de Brito , Portuguese Jesuit missionary and martyr (b. 1647 )February 13 – Johann Caspar Kerll , German composer and organist (b. 1627 )February 18 – Elias Tillandz , Swedish physician, botanist, professor of medicine and university rector (Royal Academy of Turku) (b. 1640 )February 21 – Pierre-Joseph-Marie Chaumonot , French missionary (b. 1611 )February 22 – Henrik Horn , Swedish military leader and noble (b. 1618 )February 24 – Filippo Alferio Ossorio , Catholic Bishop of Fondi (b. 1634 )March 3 – William Stockdale , Member of Parliament (b. 1634 )March 6 – Antonio Caraffa , Austrian Military commander (b. 1646 )March 8 – Countess Palatine Leopoldine Eleonora of Neuburg (b. 1679 )March 10 – Carlo Cesare Malvasia , Italian art historian (b. 1616 )March 13 – John Rashleigh , English politician (b. 1619 )March 17 – Richard Whithed , English politician (b. 1660 )March 21 – Walter Chetwynd , English antiquary, politician (b. 1633 )March 24 – Constantin Cantemir , Ruler of Moldavia (b. 1612 )March 27 – Sylvanus Morgan , English painter (b. 1620 )March 31 – Adriaantje Hollaer , Dutch painter (b. 1610 )
April 4
April 5
April 9 – Roger de Rabutin, comte de Bussy , French writer (b. 1618 )April 15
April 17 – Rutger von Ascheberg , Courland-born soldier in Swedish service (b. 1621 )April 20 – Claudio Coello , Spanish Baroque painter (b. 1642 )May 2 – Ernest, Landgrave of Hesse-Rheinfels and later of Hessen-Rheinfels-Rotenburg (b. 1623 )May 3 – Claude de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon , French courtier (b. 1607 )May 6
May 8 – Jan Verkolje , painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1650 )May 13 – Thomas Jervoise , English politician (b. 1616 )May 15
May 16 – Philippe Couplet , Flemish Jesuit missionary (b. 1623 )May 18 – Giacomo Altoviti , Italian religious (b. 1604 )May 21 – Henry Erskine, 3rd Lord Cardross , Scottish nobleman and covenanter (b. 1650 )May 25
May 27
June 3 – Camille de Neufville de Villeroy , Archbishop of Lyon (b. 1606 )June 4 – John Wildman , English soldier and politician (b. 1621 )June 6 – Dirck Ferreris , Dutch painter (b. 1634 )June 7 – Miklós Erdődy , Ban of Croatia (b. 1630 )June 12
June 17 – Francisco Marcos de Velasco , Spanish military governor, commander of Antwerp Citadel (b. 1633 )June 18 – Johann Heinrich von Anethan , German vicar general and canon (b. 1628 )June 20 – Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege , German noblewoman (b. 1652 )June 22 – Wolfgang Leinberer , German astronomer, philosopher, mathematician, professor, priest in the Society of Jesus (b. 1635 )June 23 – Sir John Wittewrong, 1st Baronet , English parliamentarian (b. 1618 )June 24
June 26 – John Philip II, Wild- and Rhinegrave of Salm-Dhaun (b. 1645 )June 30 – Christina zu Mecklenburg , princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1639 )
July 4 – Ermanno Stroiffi , Italian painter (b. 1616 )July 8 – François Duchesne , French historian (b. 1616 )July 12
July 13
July 19 – Hendrik Trajectinus, Count of Solms , Dutch lieutenant-general (b. 1638 )July 22 – John Davies , Welsh translator and writer (b. 1625 )July 26 – Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark , Queen consort of Sweden (b. 1656 )July 31 – Willem Kalf , painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1619 )August 7 – John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (b. 1627 )August 12 – Mark Sension , Connecticut settler (b. 1630 )August 15 – Gregorio María de Silva y Mendoza, 9th Duke of the Infantado (b. 1649 )August 21 – Patrick Sarsfield, 1st Earl of Lucan , Irish Jacobite peer (b. 1655 )August 23 – Johann Daniel Major , German professor of theoretical medicine (b. 1634 )August 27 – Edward Rawson , American settler (b. 1615 )August 28
August 30 – Laurent Cassegrain , French priest, astronomer and physicist (b. 1629 )September 1 – Nicolas Potier de Novion , French politician (b. 1618 )September 5 – Otto Grote zu Schauen , German politician (b. 1636 )September 6 – Odoardo Farnese, Hereditary Prince of Parma (b. 1666 )September 9 – Ihara Saikaku , Japanese writer (b. 1642 )September 12
September 13
September 14 – Aert Jansse van Nes , Dutch admiral (b. 1626 )September 16 – Giovanni Battista de Belli , Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Telese o Cerreto Sannita (b. 1630 )September 19 – Johann Weikhard von Valvasor , Slovenian nobleman and polymath (b. 1641 )September 24 – Henri Justel , French scholar, royal administrator, bibliophile and librarian (b. 1620 )September 25 – William Bassett , English landowner and politician (b. 1628 )September 27 – John Lovelace, 3rd Baron Lovelace , English politician (b. 1640 )September 28
September 30 – Bankei Yōtaku , Japanese Zen buddhist monk (b. 1622 )
October 1 – Pedro Abarca , Spanish theologian (b. 1619 )October 4 – Thomas Clayton , English politician (b. 1612 )October 5 – George Lawton , American settler (b. 1607 )October 8 – Thomas Bampfield , English politician (b. 1623 )October 9
October 10 – Charles Patin , French physician (b. 1633 )October 12 – Sir Christopher Conyers, 2nd Baronet , Conyers baronets and Lord Lieutenant of Durham (b. 1621 )October 14 – Philipp Kilian , German engraver (b. 1628 )October 17 – Charles Schomberg, 2nd Duke of Schomberg , English general (b. 1645 )October 25 – Theodor von Strattman , Austrian diplomat (b. 1637 )October 26
November 2 – Theodor Kerckring , Dutch anatomist (b. 1638 )November 9 – Samuel Hale , Connecticut settler and politician (b. 1615 )November 12 – Maria van Oosterwijck , Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1623 )November 13 – Francesco Fortezza , Roman Catholic bishop (b. 1621 )November 16 – Francis Marsh , Irish bishop (b. 1626 )November 23 – Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde , Dutch painter (b. 1630 )November 24 – William Sancroft , Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1617 )November 30 – Francesco Lorenzo Brancati di Lauria , Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1612 )December 5 – Levinus Bennet , English politician (b. 1631 )December 12 – Countess Palatine Anna Magdalena of Birkenfeld-Bischweiler , Countess of Hanau-Lichtenberg (b. 1640 )December 13
December 14 – Giuseppe Felice Tosi , Italian composer (b. 1619 )December 16 – Jacques Rousseau , painter from France (b. 1630 )December 21 – Hendrick Mommers , Dutch painter (b. 1623 )December 22 – Elisabeth Hevelius , Danzig astronomer (b. 1647 )December 24 – Nicolaes Maes , Dutch painter (b. 1634 )December 27 – Henri de Villars , French prelate (b. 1621 )December 29 – Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland , English Earl (b. 1644 )date unknown – Lars Nilsson , Sami shaman in Sweden
References
^ Rodríguez de la Torre, F. (1995). "Spanish sources concerning the 1693 earthquake in Sicily" (PDF) . Annali di Geofisica . 38 (5–6): 526. doi :10.4401/ag-4054 Juan Francisco Pacheco y Téllez-Girón, 4th Consort Duke of Uceda the Spanish Viceroy of Sicily at the time reports ((...) and about sixty thousand people died under the ruins of the earthquake) (August 4, 1695)^ "Total Eclipse of the Moon: 1693 January 22" . astro.ukho.gov.uk . Retrieved September 29, 2022 .^ "Historical Events in February 1693" . On This Day . February 1693. Retrieved September 30, 2022 .^ "Tituba: The Slave of Salem" , by Rebecca Beatrice Books, History of Massachusetts blog^ "Total Eclipse of the Moon: 1693 July 17" . astro.ukho.gov.uk . Retrieved September 29, 2022 .^ Hochman, Stanley. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama . Vol. 4. p. 542. ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History . London: Century Ltd. pp. 198–200. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2 ^ "Late Season Tropical Storms that have affected the U.S. north of Hatteras – Weather Extremes" . wunderground.com . Retrieved September 29, 2022 .^ Alejandra Dubcovsky, Informed Power: Communication in the Early American South (Harvard University Press, 2016)
^ Ned Sublette and Constance Sublette, American Slave Coast: A History of the Slave-Breeding Industry (Chicago Review Press, 2015)
^ Ramón A. Gutiérrez, When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500–1846 (Stanford University Press, 1991) p. 145
^ Kraybill, Donald B. (2001). Anabaptist World USA . Herald Press. pp. 7–8. ISBN 0-8361-9163-3 ^ Pepe, Tracy (2000). So, What's All the Sniff About? ISBN 9780968707609 . Retrieved July 11, 2015 . ^ Cunningham, Hugh. "Re-inventing childhood" . open2.net . Open University. Retrieved June 16, 2010 . ^ Nicolas Bacaër (February 2011). "Halley's life table (1693)". A Short History of Mathematical Population Dynamics . London: Springer. ISBN 978-0-85729-115-8 ^ "History of Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle - GOV.UK" . www.gov.uk . Retrieved June 19, 2023 .^ John W. Jordan; LL. D. (1911). Colonial families of Philadelphia ISBN 978-5-88023-355-7
1693 at Wikimedia Commons
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