Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

• English poet Sir John Beaumont, 1st Baronet presented with the Beaumont Baronetcy, of Grace Dieu in the County of Leicester

• Michael Drayton, The Battaile of Agincourt^[1]
• Phineas Fletcher, Locustae, in Latin with English paraphrasing^[1]
• Thomas May, translator, Lucan's Pharsalia; or, The Civill Warres of Rome, between Pompey the Great, and Julius Caesar, translated from Latin, completed in 10 books (first three translated books published first in 1626; see also A Continuation 1630)^[1]
• Richard Niccols, The Beggers Ape, published anonymously^[1]

• Gabriel Bocángel, Rimas ("Verses"), containing both ballads and sonnets; Spain^[2]
• Luis de Góngora (died May 24), Works in verse by the Spanish Homer, collected by Juan López de Vicuña, published posthumously; includes numerous sonnets, odes, ballads, songs for guitar, La Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea, Las Soledades and other long poems; Spain
• François de Malherbe and others, Recueil des plus beaux vers des poètes de ce temps, with many poems by Malherbe and his acknowledged disciples; France^[3]
• John of the Cross (died 1591), Spiritual Canticle (Cántico Espiritual), Spain, largely written in 1577, first published in its original language, in Brussels

Death years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• Nicolò Minato (died 1698), Italian poet, librettist and impresario
• Walter Pope (died 1714), English astronomer and poet

Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:

• April 19 – John Beaumont (born 1583), English playwright and poet
• May 24 – Luis de Góngora (born 1561), Spanish lyric poet
• May 26 – Lucy Russell, Countess of Bedford (born 1581), English countess, minor poet, and major patron of poets
• July 4 (bur.) – Thomas Middleton (born 1580), English playwright and poet
• July 9 – Dirk Rafaelsz Camphuysen (born 1586), Dutch painter, poet and theologian
• October – Bernardo de Balbuena (born 1561), Spanish-born Latin American poet
• Also:
  • Charles Best (born 1570), English poet, writer of A Sonnet of the Moon
  • Abdul Rahim Khan-I-Khana (born 1556), Indian poet in Mughal Emperor Akbar court
  • Cormac Mac Con Midhe (born unknown), Irish poet
  • Thomas Seget (born 1569), Scottish poet who wrote in Latin

• Poetry
• 16th century in poetry
• 16th century in literature