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12 Koofi
12 Koofi
Regions with significant populations
	Merca, Mogadishu, Baraawe, Kismayo, Jaziira, Gendershe and other towns in Koonfuur Galbeed
Languages
	Mahdoonte, Benadiri Somali, Somali and Chimini
Religion
	Islam

The 12 Koofi, more commonly known as Reer Marka, are a Somali confederation of clans inhabiting the city of Merca and other southern coastal towns of Somalia.

Overview

Reer Marka, also known as 12 Koofi are confederation of clans part of the larger confederacy Benadiri based in the southern port town of Marka. Members of this group of clans can also be found all over southern Somalia, especially coastal towns such as: Mogadishu, Baraawe, Kismayo, Gendershe, Dhanaane, Jilib, Marka and Jaziira.

Language

Reer Marka or the 12 Koofi speak a very unique dialect of the Somali language even though Lamberti^[who?] labelled this the Albakri(duruqbo) dialect the locals call it Mah doonte or Aff May Doonte.^[1]

Clan Tree

This group of clans originally was originally made up of 12 clans hence the name 12 Koofi (Somali: 12 Hats/Caps), however over the last century the number of clan groups part of this confederacy has increased due to merchant clans settling in from Baraawe and Mogadishu, also due to some of these Benadiri clans being counted as one and no longer are. In Pentano, 1910 he mentions the groups who live in Merca as:^[2]

Gameedle
Asharaf 'Alawi
Asharaf Al-Mahdali
Asharaf Al-Ahdali(Bin Hassan)
Reer Al-Ubeidi(Al-Khatib)
Al-Haatimi
Duruqbo
Shanshiyo
Shukureere
Juunji
Kafaari
Reer Manyo
Shiikhaal Jaziira and Gendershe

Patano also went on to mention in Marka there were Bravenese people from various clans living there also. According to Hassan Osman Ahmed's "La Citta' di Marka, I Biimaal e il Dominio Sulla Costa Somala" book 12 Koofi are split into 2 groups lixda gibil cad (Somali: 6 lightskin) and lixda gibil madow (Somali: 6 darkskin).^[3] These Groups are:

Gameedle
Duruqbo
Shanshiyo
Haatim
Asharaf (Bin Hassan, Alawi and Mahdali)
Shiikhaal (Jaziira and Gendershe)
Reer Manyo
Shukureere
Ahmed Nur
Kafaari
Juunji

According to a more recent paper sent to the Federal Government of Somalia the list elders came from 16 different clans^[4] and are as follow:

Ahmed Nur
Asharaf Alawi
Reer Manyo
Duruqbo
Asharaf bin Hassan
Shukureere
Gameedle
Fasahaale (More commonly known as Kafaari)
Reer Khadiib
Haatim
Shanshiyo
Garjanti
Juunji
Shikhaal Jaziira
Shikhaal Gendershe
Shikhaal Aw Osman

Notable people

Shaykh Ali Maye, a revered Sufi saint of the Duruqbo clan, a yearly festival is held for him outside his shrine in Marka and it ends on the 5 of the Islamic month of Safar.^[5]
Aw Osman Hassan, also known as Aw Usmaan Marki. Synonymous with the Benadiri town of Merca where there's saying "Marka 'Aday Mininka Aw Osman", which translates to as "White Marka House of Aw Osman".^[6] He is venerated in not only Marka but all over Lower Shabelle; there is a mosque named after him^[7] in the beginning of the city when coming from the former port where annual ziyaaros happen for Aw Usmaan.^[8]
Shaykh Mohamud Hassan, the ancestor of the Reer Ma'ow (Ba Muqtar) clan of the Reer Maanyo confederacy and annual festival is held for him.^[9]
Shaykh Muqtar
Shaykh Mohamed Shaykh Ali Maye, son of the revered Sufi saint Shaykh Ali Maye buried in Boondhere, Mogadishu.^[10]

References

^ Adam, Anita. Benadiri People of Somalia with Particular Reference to the Reer Hamar of Mogadishu. p. 111.
^ Pantano, Gherardo. Nel Benadir. La citta di Merca e la regione Bimal. pp. 14–15.
^ Ahmed, Hassan. La Citta' di Marka, I Biimaal e il Dominio Sulla Costa Somala. p. 57.
^ As you can see the current clan elders of the town is made up 16 clans now and not 12 which was the original amount
^ Adam, Anita. Benadiri People of Somalia with Particular Reference to the Reer Hamar of Mogadishu. p. 216.
^ Adam, Anita. Benadiri People of Somalia with Particular Reference to the Reer Hamar of Mogadishu. p. 217.
^ Haaji Mukhtaar, Mohamed. Historical Dictionary of Somalia. p. 146.
^ Ahmed, Hassan. La Citta' di Marka, I Biimaal e il Dominio Sulla Costa Somala. p. 10.
^ Adam, Anita. Benadiri People of Somalia with Particular Reference to the Reer Hamar of Mogadishu. pp. 159 and 211.
^ Adam, Anita. Benadiri People of Somalia with Particular Reference to the Reer Hamar of Mogadishu. p. 212.