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1078 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1078; MLXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	1831
Armenian calendar	527; ԹՎ ՇԻԷ
Assyrian calendar	5828
Balinese saka calendar	999–1000
Bengali calendar	485
Berber calendar	2028
English Regnal year	12 Will. 1 – 13 Will. 1
Buddhist calendar	1622
Burmese calendar	440
Byzantine calendar	6586–6587
Chinese calendar	丁巳年 (Fire Snake); 3775 or 3568; — to —; 戊午年 (Earth Horse); 3776 or 3569
Coptic calendar	794–795
Discordian calendar	2244
Ethiopian calendar	1070–1071
Hebrew calendar	4838–4839
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1134–1135
- Shaka Samvat	999–1000
- Kali Yuga	4178–4179
Holocene calendar	11078
Igbo calendar	78–79
Iranian calendar	456–457
Islamic calendar	470–471
Japanese calendar	Jōryaku 2; (承暦２年)
Javanese calendar	982–983
Julian calendar	1078; MLXXVIII
Korean calendar	3411
Minguo calendar	834 before ROC; 民前834年
Nanakshahi calendar	−390
Seleucid era	1389/1390 AG
Thai solar calendar	1620–1621
Tibetan calendar	阴火蛇年; (female Fire-Snake); 1204 or 823 or 51; — to —; 阳土马年; (male Earth-Horse); 1205 or 824 or 52

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	10th century; 11th century ; 12th century;
Decades:	1050s; 1060s; 1070s ; 1080s; 1090s;
Years:	1075; 1076; 1077; 1078 ; 1079; 1080; 1081;

Year 1078 (MLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

Spring – Nikephoros Botaneiates, a Byzantine general (strategos) of the Theme of the Anatolics, revolts against Emperor Michael VII Doukas. With the support of the Seljuk Turks who provide him with troops, Nikephoros marches upon Nicaea (modern Turkey). He defeats the imperial army and proclaims himself emperor.
March 24 – Nikephoros Botaneiates enters Constantinople in triumph and is crowned by Patriarch Cosmas I as emperor Nikephoros III of the Byzantine Empire. Michael VII resigns his throne after a 7-year reign and retires into the Monastery of Stoudios.^[1]
Battle of Kalavrye: The imperial forces of General Alexios Komnenos are victorious over the rebellious army (12,000 men) under Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder, governor (doux) of the Theme of Dyrrhachium. Bryennios is captured and later blinded.
Philaretos Brachamios abandons his claim to the Byzantine throne, on being appointed governor of Antioch, a foundation of the later Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.

August 7 – Battle of Mellrichstadt: Emperor Henry IV defeats the German anti-king Rudolf of Rheinfelden, duke of Swabia, near Mellrichstadt (modern Germany).
October 3 – Grand Prince Iziaslav I dies, and is succeeded by Vsevolod I, who unites the principalities – Kiev, Chernigov and Pereyaslavl – in Kievan Rus'.^[2]

Approximate date – The White Tower of the Tower of London is begun, under the direction of Gundulf (or Gundulph), bishop of Rochester.

The Almoravid emir, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, besieges Ceuta. Since the city can receive help from the sea, the siege will last until 1083.

By this year, the iron industry in the Song dynasty is producing a total weight of 127,000,000 kg (125,000 t) of iron product per year.

July 11 – The Romanesque tympanum of Santiago de Compostela Cathedral in Galicia (Spain) is constructed.
Anselm is elected abbot of Bec Abbey, in Normandy.^[3]
A church council in Poitiers deposes Bishop Sylvester of Rennes who had bought his office in 1076. This leads also to the flight of Robert of Arbrissel to Paris where he begins his studies.^[4]

January – Immilla of Turin, Italian noblewoman
February 20 – Herman, bishop of Salisbury
May 30 – Gleb Svyatoslavich, Kievan prince
August 9 – Peter I, Italian nobleman
August 26 – Herluin, founder of Bec Abbey
October 3
- Boris Vyacheslavich, prince of Chernigov
- Iziaslav I, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1024)
November 6 – Berthold II, duke of Carinthia
November 11 – Udo, archbishop of Trier
Andreas (or Andrew), archbishop of Bari, convert to Judaism
Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi, Fatimid scholar (b. 1000)
Nikephoritzes, Byzantine governor
Rhys ab Owain, Welsh king of Deheubarth
Richard I (Drengot), prince of Capua
Tunka Manin, ruler of the Ghana Empire (b. 1010)
Zeng Gongliang, Chinese scholar and writer (b. 998)
Zhang Xian, Chinese poet and writer (b. 990)
Approximate date – Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, Persian scholar

^ John Julius Norwich (1991). Byzantium: The Apogee, p. 361. ISBN 0-394-53779-3.
^ Martin, Janet (1993). Medieval Russia, 980–1584, pp. 33–35. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-67636-6.
^ Dehsen, Christian D. Von; Harris, Scott L. (1999). Philosophers and Religious Leaders. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 9781573561525.
^ Müller, Annalena (2021). From the Cloister to the State: Fontevraud and the Making of Bourbon France, 1642-1100. Routledge. p. 39. ISBN 9781000436297. Retrieved March 6, 2023.