100s BC (decade)

Millennium
1st millennium BC
Centuries
Decades
Years
Categories
Map of the world in 100 BC

This article concerns the period 109 BC – 100 BC.

Events

109 BC

This section is transcluded from 109 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Asia
  • After She He, a Han envoy, murders a minor king of the vassal state of Gojoseon and is rewarded by Emperor Wu with a military command, Ugeo, the king of Gojoseon, attacks and kills She He.
  • Autumn – Emperor Wu orders the invasion. The Han general Yang Pu crosses the Yellow Sea and marches on the capital Wangxian (Pyongyang) but is defeated outside its gates. Another general, Xun Zhi, invades overland but fails to make headway.
  • Peace negotiations are initiated by Emperor Wu but fail due to mutual suspicion.[2]
  • The Han general Zhao Ponu and 700 cavalrymen are victorious in the Battle of Loulan in the Tarim Basin, capturing the king of Loulan in the first Han intervention west of the Hexi Corridor.[3][4]

108 BC

This section is transcluded from 108 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Asia
  • The Han generals Yang Pu and Xun Zhi besiege Wangxian (Pyongyang), the capital of Gojoseon. Infighting between the generals leads Xun Zhi to arrest Yang Pu.
  • Summer – After being deserted by some of his officials, king Ugeo of Gojoseon is assassinated. Cheng Yi takes over the defense of Wangxian but is killed by Han sympathizers.
  • Han subjugates Gojoseon and divides it into four prefectures. Xun Zhi is executed for infighting.[5]

107 BC

This section is transcluded from 107 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Crimea
Roman Republic

106 BC

This section is transcluded from 106 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Anatolia
China
  • Following the death of General-in-Chief Wei Qing, his sister Empress Wei Zifu and nephew Crown Prince Liu Ju begin to lose influence at court.[8]

105 BC

This section is transcluded from 105 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Asia
  • The Han dynasty forms an alliance with the Wusun by marrying a Han princess to their king.[10]
  • Wuwei Chanyu of the Xiongnu dies and is succeeded by his youthful son Er Chanyu. That winter heavy snowstorms lead to the deaths of many livestock, and there is discontent with the new ruler, who is regarded as belligerent.[11]

104 BC

This section is transcluded from 104 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Judea
Asia
  • War of the Heavenly Horses: Emperor Wu of Han sends an army of 6000 cavalrymen and 10,000 convicts under Li Guangli to attack Dayuan in modern Kyrgyzstan after Wugua, the king of Dayuan, refuses to send the Han any of the prized horses of Dayuan and, following a contentious meeting with the Han diplomats, has a vassal king kill the diplomats and seize their goods. The Han expeditionary force proceeds with difficulty, marching through arid regions and facing hostile cities.[12]

103 BC

This section is transcluded from 103 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Judea
Asia
  • After having fought their way west across arid regions, the Han expeditionary force under Li Guangli fails to capture the Dayuan city of Yucheng and returns east to the area of Dunhuang, having lost 90% of their men.
  • Emperor Wu of Han reinforces Li Guangli's army with 60,000 men, numerous horses and beasts of burden, and more than fifty high-ranking officers. Li Guangli's army then returns west.[14]
  • Spring – After the Xiongnu Left Commander offers to kill Er Chanyu and surrender to the Han, Emperor Wu sends the Han general Zhao Ponu with an army of 20,000 to invade Xiongnu territory. When Zhao reaches the Altay Mountains, the commander's conspiracy is discovered, and after killing the commander, Er marches against Zhao but suffers an initial defeat.
  • Summer – The Han army retreats south, but the Xiongnu surround them. After capturing Zhao Ponu during the night, the Xiongnu defeat and force the surrender of the Han soldiers.
  • The Xiongnu invade parts of China and unsuccessfully attack Shouxiang.[15]

102 BC

This section is transcluded from 102 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Asia
  • War of the Heavenly Horses: the Han expeditionary force under Li Guangli conquers the state of Luntai. Li Guangli then besieges Alexandria Eschate, the capital of Dayuan in the Hellenistic Ferghana Valley, despite having lost half his army to hunger, thirst and battle by the time he reached the city. The Dayuan are defeated in battle, and after losing their outer wall and their best general Jianmi in battle, the nobles kill King Wugua and offer terms of peace to Li Guangli, who accepts. The Han receive some of the prized horses of Dayuan and Li Guangli appoints Mocai as the new king.[16]
  • Han-Xiongnu War
  • Er Chanyu marches against Shouxiang but dies en route from illness and is succeeded by his uncle Xulihu.
  • Emperor Wu orders fortified outposts to be built to the north as far as the Yin Mountains and Juyan Lake. The generals Han Yue and Wei Kang garrison the outposts north of Wuyuan, including the Yin Mountains, and Lu Bode garrisons Juyan Lake.
  • Autumn – The Xiongnu invade the prefectures of Yunzhong, Dingxiang, Wuyuan and Shuofang and destroy the new Han outposts. The Tuqi King of the Right invades the area around Jiuquan and Zhangye. The Han general Ren Wen defeats a Xiongnu army.[17]

101 BC

This section is transcluded from 101 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Libya
Asia
  • War of the Heavenly Horses: Han general Li Guangli detaches forces to attack Yucheng. After a failed attack by Wang Shengshen and Hu Chongguo, in which Wang is killed, a new Han detachment under Shangguan Jie defeats and captures the king of Yucheng. The king is then killed by the soldiers escorting him to Li Guangli.[18]
  • Han-Xiongnu War: At the beginning of the year, Xulihu Chanyu dies from illness and is succeeded by Qiedihou Chanyu. Qiedihou releases the Han envoys detained by the Xiongnu and receives gifts from Emperor Wu of Han.[19]

100 BC

This section is transcluded from 100 BC. (edit | history)

By place

Roman Republic
Asia Minor
Judea
India
China
  • War of the Heavenly Horses: the Han expedition under Li Guangli returns victorious to China. He is followed by dynastic representatives sent by various Central Asian kings, so that they may pay tribute to Emperor Wu of Han. Emperor Wu keeps these representatives as hostages and sends soldiers to build pavilions and reclaim wasteland along the route to the west to provide food and shelter for Han envoys.[20]
  • Han-Xiongnu War: the Han general Zhao Ponu escapes Xiongnu custody and returns to China.[21]
America

Births

Transcluding articles: 109 BC, 108 BC, 107 BC, 106 BC, 105 BC, 104 BC, 103 BC, 102 BC, 101 BC, and 100 BC

108 BC

106 BC

105 BC

104 BC

103 BC

102 BC

101 BC

100 BC

Deaths

Transcluding articles: 109 BC, 108 BC, 107 BC, 106 BC, 105 BC, 104 BC, 103 BC, 102 BC, 101 BC, and 100 BC

109 BC

108 BC

107 BC

106 BC

105 BC

104 BC

103 BC

101 BC

100 BC

Notes

  1. ^ October 2 in the Julian calendar.

References

  1. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. Algora. pp. 189–190. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  2. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. Algora. pp. 191–193. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  3. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. Algora. pp. 197–198. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  4. ^ Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Section: Wei Qing & Huo Qubing.
  5. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 193–195. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  6. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. p. 204. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  7. ^ Dillon, Matthew; Matthew, Christopher (2020). Religion & Classical Warfare: The Roman Republic. Pen and Sword Military. ISBN 978-1473889699.
  8. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. p. 226. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  9. ^ Clément, François (1820). L'Art de vérifier les dates des faits historiques, des inscriptions, des chroniques et autres anciens monumens, avant l'ère chrétienne (in French). Moreau. p. 737.
  10. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 195–196. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  11. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. p. 206. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  12. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 197–198. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  13. ^ VanderKam, James C. (2004). From Joshua to Caiaphas: High Priests After the Exile. Fortress Press. p. 318. ISBN 9781451410662.
  14. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 198–199. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  15. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 198–199, 206–208. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  16. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. Algora. pp. 198–201. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  17. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. Algora. pp. 207–208. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  18. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  19. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. p. 208. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  20. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. Algora. pp. 202–203. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  21. ^ Hung, Hing Ming (2020). The Magnificent Emperor Wu: China's Han Dynasty. Algora. p. 208. ISBN 978-1628944167.
  22. ^ Ferguson, John; Balsdon, John P.V. Dacre. "Cicero". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved February 22, 2024.
  23. ^ "Pompey the Great | Roman statesman | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  24. ^ "PerseusCatalog". catalog.perseus.org. Retrieved 2023-09-22.
  25. ^ LeGlay, Marcel; Voisin, Jean-Louis; Le Bohec, Yann (2001). A History of Rome (Second ed.). Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. p. 128. ISBN 0-631-21858-0.
  26. ^ "Julius Caesar Biography". Biography.com. September 4, 2019. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  27. ^ There is some dispute over the year of Caesar's birth. Some scholars have made a case for 101 or 102 BC as the year of his birth, based on the dates that he held certain magistracies, but scholarly consensus favors 100 BC. Similarly, some scholars prefer 12 July for the day of his birth, but others give 13 July. Goldsworthy, p. 30, Ward, Heichelheim, & Yeo p. 194. For a source arguing for 12 July, see Badian in Griffin (ed.) p.16
  28. ^ Lynda Telford, Sulla A Dictator Reconsidered, p.43
  29. ^ "Jugurtha". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 27, 2024.
  30. ^ Gelb, Norman (2010). Kings of the Jews: The Origins of the Jewish Nation. Jewish Publication Society. p. 175. ISBN 9780827609136.