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(9942) 1989 TM₁
Discovery
Discovered by	T. Hioki; N. Kawasato
Discovery site	Okutama Obs.
Discovery date	8 October 1989
Designations
MPC designation	(9942) 1989 TM1
Alternative designations	1989 TM1
Minor planet category	main-belt · (middle); background
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
	Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc	26.64 yr (9,732 days)
Aphelion	3.0287 AU
Perihelion	2.1619 AU
Semi-major axis	2.5953 AU
Eccentricity	0.1670
Orbital period (sidereal)	4.18 yr (1,527 days)
Mean anomaly	217.94°
Mean motion	0° 14m 8.52s / day
Inclination	9.9393°
Longitude of ascending node	21.747°
Argument of perihelion	38.492°
Physical characteristics
Mean diameter	4.12±0.45 km; 4.73 km (calculated)
Synodic rotation period	3.0706±0.0004 h
Geometric albedo	0.20 (assumed); 0.454±0.106
Spectral type	S (assumed)
Absolute magnitude (H)	13.40 · 13.541; 13.6 · 13.99

(9942) 1989 TM₁ (provisional designation 1989 TM₁) is a background asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 4.5 kilometers (2.8 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 8 October 1989, by Japanese astronomers Nobuhiro Kawasato and Tsutomu Hioki at the Okutama Observatory (877) in Japan.^[1] The asteroid has a tentative rotation period of 3.1 hours.^[3]

Orbit and classification

Orbits of 1989 TM₁ (blue) and the inner planets and Jupiter

The assumed stony S-type is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the central main-belt at a distance of 2.2–3.0 AU once every 4 years and 2 months (1,527 days; semi-major axis of 2.6 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.17 and an inclination of 10° with respect to the ecliptic.^[2]

Its first observation was a precovery taken at the Palomar Observatory on 30 September 1989, extending the asteroid's observation arc by just 9 days prior to its official discovery observation.^[1]

Numbering and naming

This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 2 February 1999.^[6] As of 2018, it has not been named.^[1]

Physical characteristics

Diameter and albedo

The asteroid was predicted to cross the focal plane array of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS). However, it was missed on each of its seven planned observation and was never detected. According to the "missed predictions file" of the supplemental IRAS minor planet survey (SIMPS), the body was expected to have a diameter of 13.5 kilometers and an absolute magnitude of 13.20.^[7]

Based on an absolute magnitude of 13.99, and an assumed standard albedo for stony asteroids of 0.20, the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link calculated a much smaller diameter of 4.7 kilometers,^[3] which agrees with a diameter of 4.1 kilometers, found by NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission.^[4]

Rotation period

In October 2010, a rotational lightcurve for this asteroid was obtained from photometric observations at the Palomar Transient Factory in California. It rendered a tentative rotation period of 3.0706±0.0004 hours with a brightness variation of 0.08 in magnitude (U=1).^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "9942 (1989 TM1)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 9942 (1989 TM1)" (2018-05-19 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g "LCDB Data for (9942)". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 4 July 2016.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. S2CID 46350317.
^ ^a ^b ^c Waszczak, Adam; Chang, Chan-Kao; Ofek, Eran O.; Laher, Russ; Masci, Frank; Levitan, David; et al. (September 2015). "Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (3): 35. arXiv:1504.04041. Bibcode:2015AJ....150...75W. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75. S2CID 8342929.
^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
^ Tedesco E.F.; Noah P.V.; Noah M.; Price S.D. "The supplemental IRAS minor planet survey (SIMPS) – Missed-Predictions". Retrieved 1 January 2016.