Πολιτικός γάμος

Ο πολιτικός γάμος είναι ο γάμος που επιτελείται, καταγράφεται και αναγνωρίζεται από έναν κρατικό αξιωματούχο.

Δεν υπάρχει πολιτικός γάμος σε πολλές χώρες της Μέσης Ανατολής, όπως η Αίγυπτος, η Συρία, η Ιορδανία, η Σαουδική Αραβία, το Κατάρ, το Ιράν, ο Λίβανος, η Παλαιστίνη και το Ισραήλ, καθώς και η Λιβύη και η Ινδονησία. Όλοι οι γάμοι είναι διεξάγονται από θρησκευτικές αρχές και εγγράφονται από τις αστικές αρχές μόνο αφού έχουν εγγραφεί από αρχές επίσημα εγκεκριμένων θρησκειών ή έχουν εγγραφεί στο εξωτερικό.

Ελλάδα

Πολιτικός γάμος του Ελβετού Άλμπερτ Άνκερ, 1887

Στην Ελλάδα νομιμοποιήθηκε το 1982 με τον νόμο 1250 από την κυβέρνηση Ανδρέα Παπανδρέου, 200 χρόνια μετά την καθιέρωσή του στη Γαλλία από τη Γαλλική Επανάσταση. Έως τότε ίσχυε η υποχρεωτική ιερολογία του γάμου (θρησκευτικός γάμος), που είχε καθιερωθεί με Νεαρά του αυτοκράτορα Λέοντος ΣΤ΄ του Σοφού το 893 μ.Χ. («Μη ερρώσθαι τα συνοικέσια άνευ της ιεράς ευλογίας»).

Είναι γάμος που διεξάγεται στα κατά τόπους δημαρχεία των δήμων της χώρας από τους αντιδημάρχους. Σε αυτόν συμμετέχουν οι μελλόνυμφοι και δύο μάρτυρες. Αρχικά οι μελλόνυμφοι ανταλλάζουν τους όρκους και δέχεται ο γαμπρός την νύφη για σύζυγο και το αντίστροφο. Στην συνέχεια υπογράφουν ένα ειδικό έγγραφο, με το οποίο επισημοποιούν τον γάμο. Το έγγραφο θεωρείται έγκυρο (και κατά συνέπεια και ο γάμος), μόνο αν υπογράψουν και δύο άλλοι πολίτες, που ονομάζονται μάρτυρες.

Ισπανία

Στην Ισπανία ο πολιτικός γάμος αναγνωρίστηκε από την κυβέρνηση του δικτάτορα Φράνκο το 1969.[1]

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