Λιθογραφία

 Το λήμμα δεν περιέχει πηγές ή αυτές που περιέχει δεν επαρκούν. Μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε προσθέτοντας την κατάλληλη τεκμηρίωση. Υλικό που είναι ατεκμηρίωτο μπορεί να αμφισβητηθεί και να αφαιρεθεί.
Η σήμανση τοποθετήθηκε στις 09/12/2012.
Πόστερ του 1895 που έχει τυπωθεί με την τεχνική της λιθογραφίας

Η Λιθογραφία είναι μια τεχνική εκτύπωσης η οποία επινοήθηκε το 1798 περίπου από τον Α. Ζένεφελντερ (Alois Senefelder), στηριζόμενος στο γεγονός ότι το νερό και οι λιπαρές ουσίες δεν αναμιγνύονται ποτέ.

Το θέμα ή η παράσταση σχεδιάζεται με λιπαρή κιμωλία πάνω σε πέτρα (πορώδη σβεστόλιθο) ή πλάκα τσίγγου και στην συνέχεια στεγνώνεται. Όταν το νερό τρέξει στις επιφάνειες που έχουν σχεδιαστεί, το λιπαρό μελάνι "πιάνει" μόνο στα σημεία που είναι χαραγμένα και όχι στην υγρή πέτρα.

Αρχικά χρησιμοποιούσαν την λιθογραφία μόνο για αναπαραγωγές αλλά σιγά σιγά εξελίχτηκε σε ανεξάρτητη τέχνη και καλλιεργήθηκε από πολλούς καλλιτέχνες του 19ου αιώνα. Η έγχρωμη λιθογραφία (χρωμολιθογραφία) καθιερώθηκε σαν είδος τέχνης για πρώτη φορά από τον Ανρί ντε Τουλούζ-Λωτρέκ


Read other articles:

Johnstown (Pennsylvania)

Questa voce sull'argomento centri abitati della Pennsylvania è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Johnstowncity(EN) Johnstown, Pennsylvania Johnstown – VedutaLa stazione centrale LocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Pennsylvania ConteaCambria AmministrazioneSindacoTom Trigona TerritorioCoordinate40°19′22.08″N 78°55′14.88″W / 40.3228°N 78.9208°...

 

Holstein Kiel

Holstein KielNama lengkapKieler SportvereinigungHolstein von 1900 e.V.JulukanDie StörcheBerdiri7 Oktober 1900; 123 tahun lalu (1900-10-07)StadionHolstein-Stadion(Kapasitas: 15,034)KetuaSteffen SchneeklothManajerMarcel RappLiga2. Bundesliga2022–23ke-8, 2. Bundesliga Kostum kandang Kostum tandang Kostum ketiga Musim ini Holstein Kiel merupakan sebuah tim sepak bola Jerman yang berbasis di Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein. Mereka berkompetisi di 2. Bundesliga. Holstein-Stadion Pranala luar (Jerm...

 

1928 Iowa Senate election

1928 Iowa Senate election ← 1926 November 6, 1928 1930 → 31 out of 50 seats in the Iowa Senate26 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Party Republican Democratic Last election 49 1 Seats before 48[a] 2[a] Seats after 48 2 Seat change Elections in Iowa Federal government U.S. Presidential elections 1848 1852 1856 1860 1864 1868 1872 1876 1880 1884 1888 1892 1896 1900 1904 1908 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928...

هوبارت (نيويورك)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع هوبارت (توضيح). هوبارت الإحداثيات 42°22′17″N 74°40′07″W / 42.3714°N 74.6686°W / 42.3714; -74.6686  [1] تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة ديلاوير  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 1.307515 كيلومتر مربع1.307513 كيلومتر مربع (1 أبري...

 

Joaquin Phoenix

Joaquin Rafael Christiano PhoenixPhoenix pada tahun 2018LahirJoaquin Rafael Christiano Phoenix28 Oktober 1974 (umur 49)San Juan, Puerto RicoTempat tinggalHollywood Hills, Los Angeles, California, Amerika SerikatNama lainLeaf PhoenixPekerjaan Aktor produser musisi aktivis Tahun aktif1982–sekarangPasanganRooney Mara (2016–sekarang)Orang tuaHeart PhoenixJohn Lee PhoenixKerabatRiver Phoenix (saudara)Rain Phoenix (saudari)Liberty Phoenix (saudari)Summer Phoenix (saudari) Joaqui...

 

دايتون (نيويورك)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع دايتون (توضيح). دايتون   الإحداثيات 42°25′00″N 79°00′00″W / 42.416666666667°N 79°W / 42.416666666667; -79   [1] تاريخ التأسيس 1835  تقسيم إداري  البلد الولايات المتحدة[2]  التقسيم الأعلى مقاطعة كاتاروغوس  خصائص جغرافية  المساحة 36.25 ميل مربع...

Birkenfeld (distrik)

Birkenfeld rural district of Rhineland-Palatinate (en) Tempat Negara berdaulatJermanNegara bagian di JermanRheinland-Pfalz NegaraJerman Ibu kotaBirkenfeld PendudukTotal81.135  (2014 )GeografiLuas wilayah777 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian411 m Berbatasan denganRhein-Hunsrück Bad Kreuznach Kusel St. Wendel (en) Trier-Saarburg Bernkastel-Wittlich Organisasi politikAnggota dariLandkreistag Rheinland-Pfalz (en) Informasi tambahanZona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode NUTSDEB15 Lain-lain...

 

أراكاشة صفراء الجذور

اضغط هنا للاطلاع على كيفية قراءة التصنيف أراكاشة صفراء الجذور المرتبة التصنيفية نوع  التصنيف العلمي النطاق: حقيقيات النوى المملكة: نباتات الفرقة العليا: نباتات جنينية القسم: نباتات وعائية الشعبة: حقيقيات الأوراق الشعيبة: بذريات العمارة: كاسيات البذور الطائفة: ثنائيات �...

 

Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge (first creation)

This article is about the first Earl of Uxbridge of the first creation. For first Earl of the second creation, see Henry Paget, 1st Earl of Uxbridge (second creation). British politician The Right HonourableThe Earl of UxbridgePC DL JPMember of Parliament for StaffordshireIn office1707–1712Serving with Sir Edward Bagot, John Wrottesley, William WardPreceded byParliament of EnglandSucceeded byWilliam WardCharles BagotIn office1695–1707Serving with John Grey, Sir Edward Bago...

Viktor Borisov

Russian professional footballer This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Viktor Borisov – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this mess...

 

Arun Sundararajan

American economist A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Arun SundararajanNationalityIndianAlma materUniversity of RochesterIndian Institute of Technology MadrasKnown forNetwork effectsDigital rights managementPrice discriminationSc...

 

Psychrophile

Le lichen Xanthoria elegans peut effectuer la photosynthèse jusqu'à −24 °C[1]. Un psychrophile (du grec ψυχρός / psukhros, « le froid », et φίλος / phílos, « ami »), psychrotolérant ou cryophile (du grec κρύος / krúos, « froid ») est un organisme capable de vivre dans les mers polaires ou les abysses (90 % du volume des océans est en dessous de 5 °C [41 °F][2]), les sols gelés ou dans les glacie...

History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution

Fresco by Diego Rivera View of the corridor inside Palace of Cortés with Rivera's Conquest of Mexico, History of Cuernavaca and Morelos. History of Morelos, Conquest and Revolution (1929–1930) was a fresco painted by Mexican artist Diego Rivera in Cuernavaca's Palace of Cortés. The piece was commissioned by Dwight Morrow, U.S. Ambassador to Mexico at the time. Rivera chose the history of Mexico's conquest for the subject of the mural. The mural begins with the invasion of Mexico by the Sp...

 

西遊記大結局之仙履奇緣

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要編修，以確保文法、用詞、语气、格式、標點等使用恰当。 (2013年8月6日)請按照校對指引，幫助编辑這個條目。（幫助、討論） 此條目剧情、虛構用語或人物介紹过长过细，需清理无关故事主轴的细节、用語和角色介紹。 (2020年10月6日)劇情、用語和人物介紹都只是用於了解故事主軸，輔助�...

 

Energy policy of India

Overview of the energy policy of India This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: A lot of detail needs deleting or moving to energy in India because it is hard for readers to find the policy info. Please help improve this article if you can. (January 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs to be updated. The reason given is: new studies such as https://www.iisd.org/publications/mapping-india-energy-policy-2022...

Grupo de Observação das Nações Unidas no Líbano

O Grupo de Observação das Nações Unidas no Líbano (também conhecido como UNOGIL por sua sigla em inglês) foi uma operação multinacional de manutenção de paz implantada no Líbano entre junho e dezembro de 1958.[1] A missão, estabelecida após a deposição do presidente Camille Chamoun com o objetivo de evitar que a tensão no país se transformasse numa guerra civil, teve a aprovação da Resolução 128 do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas em 11 de junho de 1958. Nessa ...

 

Romney, West Virginia

Town in West Virginia, United StatesRomney, West VirginiaTownNational Building in downtown RomneyMotto: First in West Virginia – Est. 1762Location of Romney in Hampshire County, West VirginiaRomney, West VirginiaShow map of Romney, West VirginiaRomney, West VirginiaShow map of Eastern Panhandle of West VirginiaRomney, West VirginiaShow map of West VirginiaRomney, West VirginiaShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 39°20′32″N 78°45′12″W / 39.34222°N 78.753...

 

Joel Beinin

American academic and historian (born 1948) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Joel Beinin – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2018) (Learn how and when to remov...

Franco Coop

Franco CoopLahir(1891-09-27)27 September 1891Napoli, ItaliaMeninggal27 Maret 1962(1962-03-27) (umur 70)Roma, ItaliaPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1931-1960 Franco Coop (27 September 1891 – 27 Maret 1962), adalah seorang pemeran film Italia. Ia tampil dalam 65 film antara 1931 dan 1960. Ia lahir di Napoli, Italia dan wafat di Roma, Italia.[1] Filmografi pilihan Before the Jury (1931) Mother Earth (1931) Five to Nil (1932) La segretaria per tutti (1933) Nini Falpa...

 

Dora Richter

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Oktober 2022. Dora RichterLahirRudolph Richter1891JermanMeninggal1933 (dugaan)Berlin, Jerman (dugaan)KebangsaanJermanNama lainDörchen RichterPekerjaanpembantu rumah tanggaDikenal atasorang pertama yang diketahui menjalani operasi penggantian kelamin lengkap Do...