Δημόσια οικονομία

 Αυτό το λήμμα χρειάζεται μορφοποίηση ώστε να ανταποκρίνεται στις προδιαγραφές μορφοποίησης της Βικιπαίδειας. Αυτό μπορεί να σημαίνει την δημιουργία εσωτερικών συνδέσμων, επικεφαλίδων, παραγράφων κλπ.
Για περαιτέρω βοήθεια, δείτε τις σελίδες Πώς να επεξεργαστείτε μια σελίδα και Βικιπαίδεια:Οδηγός μορφοποίησης άρθρων.
Το λήμμα παραθέτει τις πηγές του αόριστα, χωρίς παραπομπές. Βοηθήστε συνδέοντας το κείμενο με τις πηγές χρησιμοποιώντας παραπομπές, ώστε να είναι επαληθεύσιμο.
Η σήμανση τοποθετήθηκε στις 07/02/2020.

Η Δημόσια Οικονομία είναι μία από τις τρεις βασικές Οικονομικές Επιστήμες

Γενικά

Κύριο αντικείμενο έρευνας και μελέτης αυτής είναι ο τρόπος με τον οποίο το κράτος καθώς και λοιποί δημόσιοι οργανισμοί ή οργανισμοί τοπικής αυτοδιοίκησης (Δήμοι, κοινότητες, κ.λπ.) αντλούν τους οικονομικούς πόρους με τους οποίους μπορούν να εκπληρώσουν τον προορισμό τους, καθώς επίσης και τον τρόπο της σύνταξης του προϋπολογισμού και του απολογισμού τους. Συνεπώς αφορά το σύνολο των "οικονομικών ενεργειών" που αποβλέπουν πρώτιστα στην εξυπηρέτηση των αναγκών του Δημοσίου, δηλαδή της πολιτείας, θεωρούμενος ως οικονομικός οργανισμός. Λέγοντας οικονομικές ενέργειες μιας Πολιτείας θεωρούνται τα διάφορα φορολογικά συστήματα, η οικονομική οργάνωση, οι παρεμβατισμοί, διάφορες απαλλαγές κ.λπ.

Διάκριση

Η Δημόσια οικονομία, όπως επίσης και η Πολιτική οικονομία, διακρίνεται σε τρεις επιμέρους κλάδους, οι οποίοι είναι:

  1. η δημόσια θεωρητική οικονομία
  2. η δημόσια εφαρμοσμένη οικονομία και
  3. η ιστορία της δημόσιας οικονομίας, καλούμενη και δημοσιονομική ιστορία.

Σημειώσεις

  • Η Δημόσια οικονομία διέπεται από το εσωτερικό δίκαιο της κάθε χώρας όπου και χαρακτηρίζεται Δημοσιονομικό δίκαιο.

Πηγές

  • Ι. Μ. Παπαθανασίου, Μνημόνιο Πολιτικής Οικονομίας, Αθήναι 1973, σελ. 8.
  • Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Πάπυρος Larousse Britannica, τομ. 20ος, σελ. 215.

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