Zinnorit

Zinnorit:
Trope in der jüdischen Liturgie
Zeichen:֘
Codepunkt:U+0598
Unicode-Name:HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA
Codeblock:Unicodeblock Hebräisch
Zinnorit[1]צִנּוֹרִת֘
Zinnorit-Merchaצִנּוֹרִ֘ית מֵרְכָ֥א
Zinnorit-Mahpachצִנּוֹרִ֘ית מַהְפַּ֤ך
Ta’amaj Sifre Emet
1. trennende („beherrschende“) Akzente
ֽSilluq ֫ ֥Ole we-Jored
֑Etnachta ֗Rewia gadol
֝ ֗Rewia Mugrasch ֓ ׀Schalschelet gedola
֮Zarqa (Trope) ֗Rewia qaton
֭Dechi ֡Pazer
֤ ׀Mahpach legarmeh ֨ ׀Asla legarmeh
2. verbindende („dienende“) Akzente
֣Munach ֥Mercha
֬Illuj ֖Tipcha
֢Atnach hafuch ֤Mahpach
֨Qadma ֓Schalschelet
֘Zinnorit 
Zinnorit ֘ (hebräisch צִנּוֹרִת֘)[2] ist eine Trope in der jüdischen Liturgie (biblisches Satz-, Betonungs- und Kantillationszeichen) und zählt zu den Teamim des poetischen Systems.

Begriffe

Trope
von altgriechisch
τρόπος
tropos
über jiddisch
טראָפּ
trop[3]
dt.: Betonung,
Melodie

In der aschkenasischen, sephardischen und italienischen Tradition wird das Betonungszeichen Zinnorit genannt. In der jemenitischen Tradition wird es Zinorif genannt.[4] Die Tabula accentuum transliteriert mit Ṣinnôrîṯ.

Symbol

Zinnorit verwendet das gleiche Symbol wie Zarqa. Die Form des Zeichens erinnert an ein liegendes spiegelverkehrtes S. Die Trope Zarqa ist eine Postposition und erscheint daher als Symbol am Ende des Worts auf der linken Seite wie im Beispiel זַרְקָא֮. Bei der Trope Zinnorit erscheint das Symbol direkt über dem betonten Konsonanten, Beispiel רָ֘עֵ֤ב mit Zinnorit-Mahpach, außerdem immer in Kombination mit Mercha oder Mahpach auf einem Wort.

Zinnorit-Mercha und Zinnorit-Mahpach

Zinnorit wird immer mit einem zweiten anderen Betonungszeichen kombiniert, um einen konjunktiven Akzent zu bilden.

Aus Zinnorit in Kombination mit Mercha entsteht Zinnorit-Mercha (צִנּוֹרִ֘ית-מֵרְכָ֥א) bzw. Mercha Mezunneret (מרכא מצנרת). Zinnorit-Mercha erscheint als Konjunktion vor Sof pasuk, seltener vor Atnach und Rewia Mugrasch.[5]

In Kombination mit Mahpach entsteht Zinnorit-Mahpach (צִנּוֹרִ֘ית-מַהְפַּ֤ך) bzw. Mehupach Mezunnar (מהפך מצנר). Zinnorit-Mahpach erweitert Mahpach, wenn der betonten Silbe eine offene Silbe mit vollem Vokal vorangeht, es dient denselben Disjunktionen wie Mahpach und kann darum als musikalische Variante von Mahpach angesehen werden. Es kommt am häufigsten vor als konjunktives Betonungszeichen vor Rewia gadol und vor Asla legarmeh.[6]

Vorkommen

ספרי אמ"ת
סִפְרֵי אֱמֶת
Sifre Emet [siɸre ʔɛmɛt]
deutsch ‚Bücher Emet‘,
bzw. ‚Bücher der Wahrheit‘
אִיוֹב (Ijob)
מִשְלֵי (Sprichwörter)
תְהִלִּים (Psalmen)
Anfangsbuchstaben der Bücher
Ijob  Lut, Sprichwörter  Lut
und Psalmen  Lut bilden
zusammen das Merkwort אֱמֶת

Die beiden Formen von Zinnorit zählen zu den Ta’amei Sifrei Emet טַעֲמֵי סִפְרֵי אֱמֶ"ת, den Teamim der Bücher Emet. Die Tabelle zeigt das eher seltene Vorkommen der beiden Formen von Zinnorit in den drei poetischen Büchern.[7]

Teil des Tanach Zinnorit-Mercha Zinnorit-Mahpach
Psalmen 17 138
Ijob 1 23
Sprüche 0 16
Gesamt 18 177

Literatur

  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the twenty-one so-called prose books of the Old Testament. 1887 (archive.org).
  • William Wickes: A treatise on the accentuation of the three so-called poetical books on the Old Testament, Psalms, Proverbs, and Job. 1881 (archive.org).
  • Arthur Davis: The Hebrew accents of the twenty-one Books of the Bible (K"A Sefarim) with a new introduction. 1900 (archive.org).
  • Francis L. Cohen: Cantillation. In: Isidore Singer (Hrsg.): The Jewish Encyclopedia. Band III. KTAV Publishing House, New York, S. 542–548 (1901–1906).
  • James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Band V: Concordance of the Hebrew Accents used in the Poetic Books. Edwin Mellon Press, Lewiston (New York) 1996, ISBN 0-7734-2403-2.
  • Arnold Rosenberg: Jewish Liturgy As A Spiritual System: A Prayer-by-Prayer. Explanation Of The Nature And Meaning Of Jewish. Jason Aronson, Northvale 1997, OCLC 35919245.
  • Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation. 1. Auflage. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Zarqa/tsinnor and tsinnorit marks are wrongly named in Unicode. To encode a zarqa/tsinnor, use Unicode "HEBREW ACCENT ZINOR" (U+05AE), and to encode a tsinnorit use "HEBREW ACCENT ZARQA" (U+0598).” Siehe Unicode Technical Note #27: Known Anomalies in Unicode Character Names und Appendix A.
  2. Joshua R. Jacobson: Chanting the Hebrew Bible. The art of cantillation. Jewish Publication Society, Philadelphia 2002, ISBN 0-8276-0693-1, S. 407, 936.
  3. Jacobson (2002), S. 3: Trop. «In Yiddish, the lingua franca of the Jews in Northern Europe […], these accents came to be known as trop. The derivation of this word seems to be from the Greek tropos or Latin tropus ».
  4. נוסח תימן Jemenit. Tradition auf YouTube.com
  5. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Band V. S. 1281–1282.
  6. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Band V. S. 1283–1285.
  7. James D. Price: Concordance of the Hebrew accents in the Hebrew Bible. Band V. S. 1095.

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