Tor (Felsformation)

Granitaufschlüsse in Südwestengland
Great Staple Tor
Giants Quoits bei Rosenithon
Birch Tor

Ein Tor ist in Großbritannien eine große, freistehende abgewitterte Felsnadel/Felsformation, die sich unvermittelt aus dem Umland erhebt. Im Südwesten Englands, insbesondere im Dartmoor von Devon und im Bodmin Moor in Cornwall wird der Begriff auch für die Hügel verwandt, aus denen sich die Tors erheben.[1] Das Wort „tor“ (kornisch: tor; altwalisisch: twrr; walisisch: twr; schottisch-gälisch: torr) bedeutet Hügel und ist eines der wenigen keltischen Lehnwörter in der englischen Umgangssprache der Neuzeit.

Felsformationen

Tors können aus Vulkangestein, metamorphen Gesteinen, Granit oder harten Sedimentgesteinen wie Quarzit und Sandstein gebildet werden. Sie sind meist weniger als fünf Meter hoch. Sie können monolithisch sein, wie Haytor, sind aber in der Regel in Stapel mit getrennten Ebenen unterteilt.

Die Datierung von Tors in Dartmoor hat gezeigt, dass die meisten zwischen 100.000 und 200.000 Jahre alt sind. Sie entstanden zu Beginn der letzten Eiszeit. Dagegen werden die Tors in den schottischen Cairngorms, der anderen klassischen Torkonzentration in Großbritannien, zwischen 200.000 und 675.000 Jahren datiert.

Es gibt Tors auch im Peak District und in den Pennines, wo das Wirtsgestein zumeist aus Sandstein (Millstone Grit) besteht.

Felsformationen in Deutschland, die Tors entsprechen

Siehe auch

Literatur

  • Dartmoor Factsheet: Tor Formation. Dartmoor National Park. 2002. Abgerufen am 21. Dezember 2011.
  • Yanni Gunnell, David Jarman, Régis Braucher, Marc Calvet, Magali Delmas, Laetitia Leanni, Didier Bourlès, Maurice Arnold, Georges Aumaître, Karim Keddaouche: The granite tors of Dartmoor, Southwest England: rapid and recent emergence revealed by Late Pleistocene cosmogenic apparent exposure ages. In: Quaternary Science Reviews. Bd. 61, 2013. S. 62–76, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.005.
  • Adrian Hall: New perspectives on a classic landscape of selective linear glacial erosion. In: The history of the Cairngorms: granite, landscape and processes. An informal workshop at the British Geological Survey, Murchison House Edinburgh. Monday 17th November, 2003, (Abstract).

Fußnoten

  1. ↑ B. Trevail: Curious Cornwall. Tor Mark Press, Truro 1969, S. 18.

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