Schließfrucht

Eine Schließfrucht ist eine Frucht, die in geschlossenem Zustand von der sie tragenden Pflanze abfällt und sich auch bei der Reifung nicht öffnet. Ausbreitungseinheit ist somit die Frucht selber.[1][2] Essbare Früchte werden durch Tiere aufgenommen und der Samen über den Kot ausgeschieden.

Zu den Schließfrüchten gehören:

  • Beere, Sammelfrucht, mit fleischiger Fruchtwand
  • Steinfrucht, meist einsamig, meist oberständiger Fruchtknoten, fleischig, meist ein Fruchtblatt
  • Nussfrucht, oft einsamig, harte, dickere Schale
  • Karyopse, einsamig, Perikarp dünn, mit dem Samen verwachsen
  • Achäne, einsamig, Perikarp dünn, nur an einem Punkt mit dem Samen verwachsen
  • Flügelfrucht (Samara) (einfach), einsamig, nussartig mit einem papierartigen Perikarp das in eine flügelförmige Struktur wächst.
  • Utrikel, meist einsamig, Perikarp lose und blaterig (aufgeblasen), oft papierartig

Literatur

Michael G. Simpson: Plant Systematics. Academic Press, 2006, ISBN 978-0-12-644460-5, S. 384.

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Erläuterung auf wissen.de. Abgerufen am 31. Mai 2017.
  2. ↑ Schließfrucht im Digitalen Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

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