Schabaki

Schabaki
شەبەکی

Gesprochen in

Irak
Sprecher 250.000 (2018)[1]
Linguistische
Klassifikation
Sprachcodes
ISO 639-3

sdb[2]

Schabaki ist eine moderne iranische Sprache, die von Sprachwissenschaftlern als ein Dialekt der Zaza-Gorani-Gruppe innerhalb der nordwestiranischen Sprachen klassifiziert wird. Schabaki wird von den Schabak gesprochen, einer in den umstrittenen Gebieten des Nordiraks lebenden Ethnie.

Die Sprache hat Ähnlichkeiten mit Hawrami, einem anderen Zaza-Gorani-Dialekt. Schabaki hat auch persische, türkische und arabische Elemente.[3]

Schabaki ist keine Schriftsprache. Es gibt Versuche, das arabische Alphabet und die Lateinschrift für das Schabaki einzuführen.[4] Nach Schätzungen gab es 1989 zwischen 10.000 und 20.000 Schabaki-Sprecher.[5] 2016 betrug die Zahl der Schabak nach eigenen Schätzungen der Ethnie 350.000 bis 400.000,[6] wobei unklar ist, wie viele von ihnen Schabaki sprechen.

Grammatik

Schabaki ist eine Subjekt-Objekt-Verb Sprache (SOV).[7][8]

Funktionsverben Beispiele:[7][8]

Schabaki Deutsch
kar machen/tun
bada geben
pek schlagen/treffen
bastan kaufen
bor essen
bror rausbringen/heben
bakes ziehen

Teilweise ergeben sich ganz andere Verben, wenn man ein bestimmtes Wort vor ein Verb stellt.[7][8]

Beispiele:

Schabaki Deutsch Ergebnis in Deutsch
çam pek „Auge“ + „schlagen/treffen“ = anschauen
garm kar „warm/heiß“ + „machen/tun“ = erhitzen/kochen
re kar „Straße“ + „machen/tun“ = gehen

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Shabak. Ethnologue, abgerufen am 30. August 2019
  2. ↑ SIL International https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/sdb
  3. ↑ Shabak - Minority Rights Group. In: Minority Rights Group. (minorityrights.org [abgerufen am 21. Oktober 2018]).
  4. ↑ Abbas Sultan, 2016, S. 2
  5. ↑ Shabaki language, alphabet and pronunciation. Abgerufen am 21. Oktober 2018.
  6. ↑ United States Department of State, 2016 Report on International Religious Freedom – Iraq. 15. August 2017, S. 3
  7. ↑ a b c Abbas Sultan: An Account of Light verb constructions in Shabaki, 2011
  8. ↑ a b c Abbas Sultan: Causatives in Shabaki, 2010

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