René Maran

René Maran (1930)

René Maran (* 8. November 1887 in Fort-de-France, Martinique; † 9. Mai 1960 in Paris) war ein französischer Schriftsteller. Mit seinem Roman Batouala gewann er 1921 den Prix Goncourt.

Leben und Wirken

Marans Vater arbeitete in der Kolonialverwaltung. Maran wurde auf einem Schiff geboren, das die Familie nach Martinique brachte, wohin sein Vater versetzt worden war. Entsprechend den Versetzungen seines Vaters verbrachte Maran einen Teil seiner Kindheit in Gabun, später wurde er aus Gesundheitsgründen nach Südfrankreich geschickt. Ab 1894 besuchte er dort das Lycée von Talence und anschließend das Lycée Michel Montaigne in Bordeaux. In Bordeaux machte er u. a. die Bekanntschaft mit Félix Éboué.

1909 nahm Maran aus finanziellen Gründen einen Posten in der Kolonialverwaltung an und konnte noch im selben Jahr als Schriftsteller debütieren. Léon Bocquet (1876–1954) veröffentlichte in seiner Zeitschrift „Le Beffroi“ eine Erzählung von ihm.

Am 9. Mai 1960 starb René Maran und fand auf dem Cimetière Montparnasse (11. Division) seine letzte Ruhestätte.[1]

Rezeption

1921 erhielt Maran als erster schwarzer Schriftsteller den Prix Goncourt. Im Vorwort zu dem preisgekrönten Roman Batouala kritisierte er scharf den Kolonialismus und musste daraufhin von seinem Posten in der Kolonialverwaltung zurücktreten.

Marans Werk beschreibt die Grausamkeit des Kolonialismus (→Französische Kolonien). Léopold Sédar Senghor erkannte Maran als „précurseur de la négritude“ (als Vorläufer der Négritude) an.

Werke

Belletristik

Erzählungen
  • Peines de cœur. „Univers“, Paris 1944 (Inhalt: Peines de cœur, L'homme qui attend und Deux amis).
  • Le petit roi de Chimérie. Conte. Albin Michel, Paris 1924 (Vorwort von Léon Bocquet)
Gedichte
  • La maison du bonheur. Paris: Le Beffroi, 1909.
  • La vie intérieure. Poèmes (1909–1912). Le Beffroi, Paris 1912.
  • Les belles images. Poèmes. Delmas, Paris 1935.
  • Le livre du souvenir. Poèmes, 1909-1957. Présence Africaine, Paris 1958.
Romane
  • Batouala. Un véritable roman nègre. Michel, Paris 2011, ISBN 978-2-226-01676-8 (EA Paris 1921, illustriert von Alexandre Iacovleff (1887–1938))
    • deutsch: Batouala – Ein authentischer „roman nègre“. Manesse, Zürich 2007, ISBN 978-3-7175-2130-3 (übersetzt von Caroline Vollmann und einem Nachwort Jürgen von Stackelberg).[2]
    • Batuala. Die Geschichte eines Negers. (Die Seele Afrikas, Bd. 1)[3] Rhein-Verlag, Basel u. a., ca. 1946 (Dt. von Claire Goll)
  • Djouma, chien de brousse…. Albin Michel, Paris 1927.
    • deutsch: Dschuma. Ein Negerhund (Die Seele Afrikas; Bd. 2). Rhein-Verlag, Basel 1928 (übersetzt von Claire Goll).
  • Journal sans date. Roman inédit. In: André Birebeau: Petit Péché (Les œuvres libres; Bd. 73). Fayard, Paris 1927, S. 105–236.
  • Le cœur serré Albin Michel, Paris 1931.
  • L'homme qui attend. Roman inédit et complet.In: Pierre Mille: Un secret de famille (Les œuvres libres; Bd. 176). Fayard, Paris 1936, S. 37–130.
  • Un homme pareil aux autres. Michel, Paris 1962 (EA Paris 1947); Ein Mensch wie jeder andere, mit einem Nachwort von Mohamed Mbougar Sarr ; aus dem Französischen von Claudia Marquardt, Zürich, Schweiz : Elster, 2023, ISBN 978-3-906903-22-4
  • Mbala, l'éléphant. Éditions Arc-en-Ciel, Paris 1947 (illustriert von Gaston Barret).
  • Bacouya, le cynocéphale. Albin Michel, Paris 1953.

Sachbücher

Biographien
  • Les pionniers de l'empire. Albin Michel, Paris 1943/55.
  1. Jean de Béthencourt. Anselme d'Isalguier. Binot le Paulmier de Gonneville. Jacques Cartier. Jean Parmentier. Nicolas Durand de Villegagnon. Jean Ribault. 1943.
  2. Samuel Champlain. Belain d'Esnambuc. Robert Cavelier de La Salle. 1946.
  3. André Brue. Joseph François Dupleix. René Madec. Pigneaux de Behaine. 1955.
Essays

Literatur

Aufsätze
  • Mehrere Aufsätze zu René Maran. In: Francofonía. Revista del Grupo „Estudios de Francofonía“, Bd. 14 (2005), ISSN 1132-3310
  • Mercer Cook: René Maran. In: The French Review, Bd. 17 (1944), Heft 3, S. 157–159, ISSN 0016-111X
  • Brent Hayes Edwards: On reciprocity. René Maran and Alain Locke. In: Ders.: The Practice of Diaspora. Literature, Translation, and the Rise of Black Internationalism. University Press, Cambridge 2003, ISBN 0-674-01022-1.
  • Michel Fabre: Rene Maran. The New Negro and Negritude. In: Phylon. The Atlanta University Review of Race and Culture, Bd. 36 (1975), Heft 3, S. 340–351, ISSN 0031-8906.
  • Michel Fabre: Autour de René Maran. In: Présence Africaine. Revue culturelle du monde noir, Bd. 86 (1973), S. 171, ISSN 0032-7638.
  • Roger Little: René Maran on Lucie Cousturier. A Champion of Racial Understanding. In: Research in African Literatures, Bd. 34 (2003), Frühling, S. 126–36, ISSN 0034-5210.
  • Hans-Jürgen Lüsebrink: Batouala, véritable roman nègre. La place de René Maran dans la littérature mondiale des années vingt. In: János Riesz, Alain Ricard (Hrsg.): Semper aliquid novi. Littérature comparée et littérature d’Afrique. Narr, Tübingen 1990, S. 145–155, ISBN 3-8233-4107-3 (Festschrift für Albert Gérard)
  • Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Nwezeh: Castro Soromenho und René Maran. Eine vergleichende Studie. In: Lusorama. Zeitschrift für Lusitanistik, Bd. 9 (1989), Mai, S. 109–127, ISSN 0931-9484
  • Hélène Sanko: Les Mots pour le dire. L'Afrique d'après Batouala de René Maran. In: Francographies/N.S. Bd. 2 (1993), S. 131–41, ISSN 1069-1200
Monographien
  • Keith Cameron: René Maran (Twayne's world authors series; Bd. 754). Twayne, Boston, Mass. 1985, ISBN 0-8057-6604-9.
  • John A. Dennis: The René Maran story. The life and times of a black frenchman, colonial administrator, novelist and social critic, 1887–1960. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. 1987 (zugl. Dissertation, University of Stanford 1987).
  • Hommage à René Maran. Présence Africaine, Paris 1965 (Festschrift mit Texten von Manoël Cahisto, Mercer Cook, Jean Portail, François Raynal, Léopold-Sédar Senghor, Martial Sinda).
  • Mercer Cook: Five French Negro authors. The Associated Publishers, Washington, D.C. 1943.[4]
  • Eugene A. Eaves: René Maran in Africa. Reflections of the French colonial experience. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. 1978 (zugl. Dissertation, University of Connecticut 1978).
  • Femi Ojo-Ade: René Maran, the Black Frenchman. A Bio-Critical Study. Three Continents Press, Washington, D.C. 1984, ISBN 0-914478-93-1.
  • Charles Onana: René Maran. Le premier Goncourt noir. Dubois, Paris 2007, ISBN 978-2-916872-01-8.
  • Alice J. Smith: René Maran's vision of Africa. UMI, Ann Arbor, Mich. 1978 (zugl. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts 1978).
  • René Trautmann: Au pays de Batouala. Noirs et blancs de l'Afrique. Payot, Paris 1922.
Commons: René Maran – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

Einzelnachweise

  1. Klaus Nerger: Das Grab von René Maran. In: knerger.de. Abgerufen am 13. Dezember 2023.
  2. 1922 erstmals von Claire Goll übersetzt, unter dem Titel Batuala. Ein echter Negerroman.
  3. Maran, René: Bauala; die Geschichte eines Negers. Hrsg.: Claire Goll. 1. Auflage. Rhein-Verlag, Basel u. a. 1946.
  4. Inhalt: Julien Raimond, Cyrille Charles Bissette, Alexandre Dumas der Ältere, Auguste Lacaussade und René Maran.

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