Kaiserliche Provinz

Römische Provinzen unter Trajan (117 n. Chr.)
  • „Senatorische“ Provinz
  • Kaiserliche Provinz
  • Klientel-Staaten

    • Als kaiserliche Provinz bezeichnet man eine römische Provinz, in welcher der Kaiser nominell der Statthalter war. Als seinen Stellvertreter in der Provinz und faktischen Statthalter ernannte er einen Legatus Augusti pro praetore (etwa: „Beauftragter des Kaisers im Rang eines Prätors“), den er aus den Senatoren höheren Ranges (ehemalige Prätoren oder Konsuln) auswählte. Die Amtszeit betrug üblicherweise mehrere Jahre (meist zwei bis vier).

    Die kaiserlichen Provinzen waren oft die strategisch wichtigen Grenzprovinzen. In ihnen war eine oder mehrere Legionen stationiert, deren Kommandant der Legatus Augusti war (bei mehreren Legionen gab es noch eigene Legati legionis).

    Kurz nach der Konsolidierung der Herrschaft des Augustus waren die römischen Provinzen in kaiserliche und „öffentliche“ Provinzen (provinciae publicae) geteilt worden; letztere werden in der Forschung ungenauerweise auch als „senatorische“ Provinzen bezeichnet, weil in ihnen der Senat durch Los den Statthalter bestimmte.

    Im Jahr 14 waren folgende Provinzen kaiserlich:

    In der Folgezeit wurden als kaiserliche Provinzen errichtet:

    Literatur

    • Werner Eck: Provinz. Ihre Definition unter politisch-administrativem Aspekt. In: ders: Die Verwaltung des römischen Reiches in der Hohen Kaiserzeit. Bd. 2. Reinhardt, Basel 1998, ISBN 3-7245-0962-6, S. 167–185.
    • Werner Eck: (Hg.) Lokale Autonomie und römische Ordnungsmacht in den kaiserzeitlichen Provinzen vom 1. bis 3. Jahrhundert (= Schriften des Historischen Kollegs. Kolloquien 42). München 1999, ISBN 978-3-486-56385-6 (Digitalisat).

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