Juliano Moreira

Juliano Moreira in jüngeren Jahren
Juliano Moreira (aus: Baianos Ilustres, Loureiro, Salvador, 1945)
Hospício Pedro II (Hospício Nacional de Alienados)

Juliano Moreira (geboren am 6. Januar 1872 in Salvador,[1][2] gestorben am 2. Mai 1933 in Petrópolis)[3] war ein brasilianischer Psychiater, der oft als Begründer der psychiatrischen Disziplin in Brasilien betrachtet wird.[4] Er war der erste brasilianische Universitätsprofessor, der die psychoanalytische Theorie aufgriff und in die medizinische Ausbildung integrierte.

Leben und Wirken

Der Afrobrasilianer Juliano Moreira wurde am 6. Januar 1872 in Salvador, Hauptstadt der damaligen Provinz Bahia, geboren. Er studierte an der Medizinischen Fakultät von Bahia (Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia), heute die Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) (deutsch: Bundesuniversität von Bahia) in Salvador da Bahia. Im Jahr 1896 wurde er Professor für Psychiatrie an seiner Alma Mater. Er arbeitete an Fragen der interkulturellen Psychiatrie und von Neurolues. In Brasilien wandte er als erster eine Lumbalpunktion an. Er war langjähriger Leiter (1903–1930) der nationalen psychiatrischen Klinik für Geisteskranke, des Hospício Pedro II (Hospício Nacional de Alienados) in Rio de Janeiro. Die psychiatrische Colônia Juliano Moreira[5] in der Nähe von Rio de Janeiro wurde nach ihm benannt. Von 1926 bis 1929 war er Präsident der Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Brasilianischen Akademie der Wissenschaften).[6] Er bekämpfte wissenschaftlichen Rassismus, humanisierte die Behandlungsmethoden für Menschen mit psychischen Problemen und formulierte Vorschläge für neue psychiatrische Versorgungsmodelle (1903). Moreira war mit dem deutschen Psychiater Emil Kraepelin (1856–1926) bekannt und stand mit ihm in Briefwechsel.[7] Er starb am 2. Mai 1933 in Petrópolis.

Colônia Juliano Moreira (historische Gebäude)

Literatur

  • Vera Portocarrero: Arquivos da loucura: Juliano Moreira e a descontinuidade histórica da psiquiatria. Editora FIOCRUZ, 2002, ISBN 978-85-7541-388-3 (Online)
  • Kurt Kolle: Große Nervenärzte, Band 3. Stuttgart: Thieme 1963
  • AM Oda, W Piccinini, P Dalgalarrondo: Juliano Moreira (1873–1933): founder of scientific psychiatry in Brazil. In: American Journal of Psychiatry, 4162, S. 666 (2005).
  • Elisabeth Roudinesco, Michel Plon: Wörterbuch der Psychoanalyse: Namen, Länder, Werke, Begriffe. Wien 2013 (Online-Teilansicht)
  • Hannes Stubbe: Sigmund Freud in den Tropen: die erste psychoanalytische Dissertation in der portugiesischsprachigen Welt (1914). Aachen: Shaker 2011 (zuerst Bonn: Holos-Verl. 1997)

Einzelnachweise und Fußnoten

  1. ↑ Iara Nancy A. Rios: Juliano Moreira: modernidade e civilização na Primeira República Brasileira. In: Bahia com História, Nr. 3, März 2016, ISSN 2525-295X
  2. ↑ Einigen Quellen zufolge war das Geburtsjahr 1873.
  3. ↑ Biografia Juliano Moreira 1872–1902.
  4. ↑ Ana Maria Galdini Raimundo Oda, Paulo Dalgalarrondo: Juliano Moreira: um psiquiatra negro frente ao racismo científico. In: Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, São Paulo, Jg. 22, 2000, Nr. 4, ISSN 1809-452X
  5. ↑ Bilder
  6. ↑ Os Presidentes (Memento vom 17. Juni 2017 im Internet Archive), Website der Academia Brasileira de Ciências
  7. ↑ vgl. Andrea Adams: Psychopathologie und »Rasse«. Verhandlungen »rassischer« Differenz in der Erforschung psychischer Leiden (1890–1933). (Science Studies) 2013, S. 94 (Online-Teilansicht)
Personendaten
NAME Moreira, Juliano
KURZBESCHREIBUNG brasilianischer Psychiater
GEBURTSDATUM 6. Januar 1872
GEBURTSORT Salvador
STERBEDATUM 2. Mai 1933
STERBEORT Petrópolis

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