Großarmenien

Als Großarmenien (armenisch: Մեծ Հայք Mets Hayk bzw. Mec Hayk; lateinisch: Armenia Maior oder auch Armenia Magna)[1] wurde in der Geschichte Armeniens der größere östliche Teil Armeniens bezeichnet, das im Altertum vom Kernland Armenien zeitweise bis ans Kaspische Meer reichte. Neben Großarmenien, mit der eigentlichen Bedeutung das größere Armenien („Armenia Maior“), existierte das westlich des oberen Euphrat gelegene Kleinarmenien, wörtlich das kleinere Armenien („Armenia Minor“). Zeitweise, solange die Sophene einen eigenen Staat bildete, war die Bezeichnung Großarmenien noch enger, nämlich unter Ausschluss der Sophene gefasst.

Der Begriff Großarmenien wird auch in Bezug auf das Mittelalter verwendet, wobei mit Kleinarmenien dann das hochmittelalterliche Königreich Armenien in Kilikien gemeint ist, das sich südlich des antiken Kleinarmeniens befand.

Weiter wurden im Mittelalter mit dem Namen Armenia Magna, der sich ebenfalls als Großarmenien übersetzen lässt, oder Armenia Maritima Gebiete auf der Krim bezeichnet, nach den Armeniern, die sich dort nach dem Ende des mittelalterlichen Reiches der Bagratiden in größerer Zahl niedergelassen hatten.[2]

Der Begriff wird auch als Schlagwort verwendet für ein politisches Konzept vom Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts[3][4][5] etwa in Bezug auf den „Expansionismus“ des russischen Zarenreiches[3] und den Vertrag von Sèvres[5] bzw. armenischen Nationalismus.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Nicholas Adontz : "The Reform of Justinian in Armenia" Toponymy : Provinces 146, Lisbon 1970 : Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
  2. Omeljan Pritsak: Das Kiptschakische. In: Philologiae Turcicae Fundamenta. Band 1, Wiesbaden 1959, S. 51.
  3. a b Lutz Raphael: Imperiale Gewalt und mobilisierte Nation: Europa 1914-1945. C. H. Beck, München 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-62352-3, S. 48.
  4. Michael Schwartz: Ethnische "Säuberungen" in der Moderne. Globale Wechselwirkungen nationalistischer und rassistischer Gewaltpolitik im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München 2013, ISBN 978-3-486-70425-9. S. 96.
  5. a b Wolfgang Gieler, Christian Johannes Henrich (Hrsg.): Politik und Gesellschaft in Der Türkei. Im Spannungsverhältnis zwischen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2010, ISBN 978-3-531-17249-1, S. 55.

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