Gemeindedualismus

Eidgenössisches Wappen
Eidgenössisches Wappen
Gemeindearten in der Schweiz

Als Gemeindedualismus wird in der Schweiz eine verfassungsrechtliche Errungenschaft der Helvetischen Republik (1798–1803) bezeichnet. Es handelt sich um die parallele Existenz zweier Arten von Gemeinden, der Ortsgemeinde und der Munizipalgemeinde.

Von diesem echten Gemeindedualismus rückten die meisten Schweizer Kantone bald wieder ab, so z. B. der Kanton Zürich mit der Verfassung von 1869 und dem kantonalen Gemeindegesetz von 1875 (vgl. Zivilgemeinde).

Im Kanton Thurgau hielt man jedoch an dem vom helvetischen Einheitsstaat eingeführten Nebeneinander von Munizipalgemeinden (ursprünglich nur für verfassungsmässige Aufgaben wie Polizeiwesen, Zivilstandswesen, Beurkundung und Vormundschaftspflege) und Ortsgemeinde (ursprünglich für alle materiellen Gemeindeaufgaben) auf dem gleichen Territorium fest. Mit der neuen Thurgauer Kantonsverfassung von 1987 wurden zwischen 1993 und 1999 alle damals im Kanton noch bestehenden Orts- und Munizipalgemeinden zur Vereinigung verpflichtet, sodass es im Kanton ab dem Jahr 2000 noch 80 politische Gemeinden gab.

Siehe auch

Literatur

Read other articles:

Julia Maior

Julia MaiorPatung Julia Maior (Museum Saint-Raymond)Kelahiran30 Oktober 39 SMRoma, Italia, Republik RomawiKematian14 AD (aged 52/53)Reggio di Calabria, Italia, Kekaisaran RomawiAyahAugustusIbuScriboniaPasanganMarcus Claudius MarcellusMarcus Vipsanius AgrippaTiberiusAnakGaius CaesarJulia MinorLucius CaesarAgrippina MaiorAgrippa PostumusTiberillus Julia Maior (30 Oktober 39 SM – 14 M), dikenal oleh orang-orang sezamannya sebagai Julia Caesaris filia atau Julia Augusti filia (Bahasa Latin Klas...

 

Otot rhomboideus major

Otot rhomboideus majorOtot-otot yang menyambungkan lengan dengan tulang belakangRincianSarafnervus dorsalis scapulae (C4 dan C5)PengidentifikasiTA98A04.3.01.007TA22232FMA13379Daftar istilah anatomi otot[sunting di Wikidata] Otot rhomboideus major adalah salah satu otot yang menyusun bagian lengan atas. Origo Otot rhomboideus major berorigo pada processus spinosus tulang belakang thorax ke-2 hingga 5 dan ligamentum supraspinatus yang sesuai. Insersio Berinsersio pada pinggir medial scapula...

 

Josefina Vázquez Mota

Mexican politician In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Vázquez and the second or maternal family name is Mota. Josefina Vázquez MotaPresident of the Political Coordination Board of the Chamber of DeputiesIn office5 September 2010 – 31 August 2011Preceded byFrancisco Rojas GutiérrezSucceeded byArmando Ríos PiterCoordinator of the Parliamentary Group of the National Action PartyIn office1 September 2009 – 6 September 2011Preceded byHéctor La...

Louis Loucheur

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Loucheur. Louis Loucheur Fonctions Député français 1er juin 1924 – 22 novembre 1931(7 ans, 5 mois et 21 jours) Élection 11 mai 1924 Circonscription 1re d'Avesnes Groupe politique GR Prédécesseur Lui-même Successeur Léo Lagrange 8 décembre 1919 – 31 mai 1924(4 ans, 5 mois et 23 jours) Élection 16 novembre 1919 Circonscription Nord Groupe politique RDG Prédécesseur Félix Defontaine Successeur Lui-même Conseiller ...

 

1 Raja-raja 15

1 Raja-raja 15Kitab Raja-raja (Kitab 1 & 2 Raja-raja) lengkap pada Kodeks Leningrad, dibuat tahun 1008.KitabKitab 1 Raja-rajaKategoriNevi'imBagian Alkitab KristenPerjanjian LamaUrutan dalamKitab Kristen11← pasal 14 pasal 16 → 1 Raja-raja 15 (atau I Raja-raja 15, disingkat 1Raj 15) adalah pasal kelima belas Kitab 1 Raja-raja dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen. Dalam Alkitab Ibrani termasuk Nabi-nabi Awal atau Nevi'im Rishonim [נביאים ראשוני�...

 

دي ستايل

دي ستايلمعلومات عامةمجال التخصص فن تجريدي البداية أكتوبر 1917 النهاية يناير 1932 البلد هولندا المؤسس تيو فان دوسبورخ — بيت موندريان التأثيراتفرع من neoplasticism (en) تأثرت بـ  القائمة ... مدرسة تكعيبية — M. H. J. Schoenmaekers (en) — هندريك بيتروس بيرلاخه — فرانك لويد رايت — كازيمير ماليفيتش...

Eintracht Frankfurt 2019-2020

Voce principale: Eintracht Frankfurt. Eintracht FrankfurtStagione 2019-2020Sport calcio Squadra Eintracht Francoforte Allenatore Adolf Hütter All. in seconda Christian Peintinger Armin Reutershahn Bundesliga9º posto Coppa di GermaniaSemifinale Europa LeagueOttavi di finale Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Kostić (33)Totale: Kostić (51) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Silva (12)Totale: Silva (16) StadioCommerzbank-Arena Maggior numero di spettatori51 500 vs. Borussia Dortmund, Bayern M...

 

Electoral district of Warringah

This article is about the former state electoral district in NSW. For the federal electorate, see Division of Warringah. For other uses of the name, see Warringah. Former state electoral district of New South Wales, Australia Warringah was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales and named after and including the Warringah region of the northeastern suburbs of Sydney. It was created in 1894, when multi-member districts were abolished,[1&...

 

Yeongsanjae

Yeongsanjae adalah upacara ritual agama Buddha yang dilaksanakan di Kuil Bongwon, Seoul, Korea Selatan.[1] Upacara dalam kepercayaan Buddhisme ini dimaksudkan untuk memberi persembahan kepada Buddha agar ia menuntun manusia, baik yang hidup dan yang sudah tiada menuju kedamaian dan pencerahan.[2] Upacara ini diadakan dengan ritual bompae yakni melantunkan sutra Buddha, dilanjutkan dengan menarikan tarian ritual Nabichum, Barachum, Beobgochum dan Tajuchum.[3] Upacara in...

Voyage of Slaves

2006 novel by Brian Jacques This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Voyage of Slaves – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2015) (Lear...

 

Gilze en Rijen

Gilze en RijenKota BenderaLambang kebesaranNegaraBelandaProvinsiBrabant UtaraLuas(2006) • Total65,67 km2 (2,536 sq mi) • Luas daratan65,54 km2 (2,531 sq mi) • Luas perairan0,13 km2 (5 sq mi)Populasi (1 Januari 2007) • Total25.381 • Kepadatan387/km2 (1,000/sq mi) Sumber: CBS, Statline.Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Gilze en Rijen, adalah seb...

 

Leachate

A liquid that extracts soluble or suspended solids This article is about landfill leachate. For use in mining, see Heap leaching and In situ leach. A leachate evaporation pond in a landfill site located in Cancún, Mexico A leachate is any liquid that, in the course of passing through matter, extracts soluble or suspended solids, or any other component of the material through which it has passed. Leachate is a widely used term in the environmental sciences where it has the specific meaning of...

Atsuma, Hokkaido

Atsuma 厚真町KotaprajaBalai Kota Atsuma BenderaEmblemLokasi Atsuma di Hokkaido (Subprefektur Iburi)AtsumaLokasi di JepangKoordinat: 42°43′25″N 141°52′40″E / 42.72361°N 141.87778°E / 42.72361; 141.87778Koordinat: 42°43′25″N 141°52′40″E / 42.72361°N 141.87778°E / 42.72361; 141.87778NegaraJepangWilayahHokkaidoPrefektur Hokkaido (Subprefektur Iburi)DistrikYūfutsuPemerintahan • WalikotaShōichirō Miyasaka...

 

土库曼斯坦总统

土库曼斯坦总统土库曼斯坦国徽土库曼斯坦总统旗現任谢尔达尔·别尔德穆哈梅多夫自2022年3月19日官邸阿什哈巴德总统府（Oguzkhan Presidential Palace）機關所在地阿什哈巴德任命者直接选举任期7年，可连选连任首任萨帕尔穆拉特·尼亚佐夫设立1991年10月27日 土库曼斯坦土库曼斯坦政府与政治 国家政府 土库曼斯坦宪法 国旗 国徽 国歌 立法機關（英语：National Council of Turkmenistan） ...

 

Justice League (film)

2017 film produced by DC Films This article is about the 2017 theatrical version of Justice League. For the 2021 director's cut, see Zack Snyder's Justice League. For the 1997 television film, see Justice League of America (film). Justice LeagueTheatrical release posterDirected byZack Snyder[a]Joss Whedon (uncredited)Screenplay by Chris Terrio Joss Whedon Story by Chris Terrio Zack Snyder Based onCharactersfrom DCProduced by Charles Roven Deborah Snyder Jon Berg Geoff Johns Starring B...

Residenz

This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Residenz – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2019) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Residenz (German: [ʁeziˈdɛnts]) is a German word for place of living, now obsolete except in the formal sense of an official residence. A related term, Reside...

 

إي آي: الذكاء الاصطناعي (فيلم)

إي آي: الذكاء الاصطناعيA.I. Artificial Intelligence (بالإنجليزية) الشعارملصق الفيلممعلومات عامةالصنف الفني فيلم خيال علمي[1][2][3] — فيلم مقتبس من عمل أدبي — فيلم ما بعد الكارثة — فيلم دراما المواضيع أندرويد — ذكاء صناعي تاريخ الصدور29 يونيو 2001 (2001-06-29)مدة العرض 146 دقي�...

 

Mabel's Busy Day

Mabel's Busy DayMabel Normand dalam filmSutradaraMabel NormandProduserMack SennettDitulis olehMabel NormandPemeranMabel NormandCharles ChaplinChester Conklin Slim Summerville Billie BennettHarry McCoyWallace MacDonald Edgar Kennedy Al St. JohnCharley ChaseMack SennettHenry LehrmanSinematograferFrank D. WilliamsDistributorKeystone StudiosTanggal rilis 13 Juni 1914 (1914-06-13) Durasi12 menit, 42 detikNegaraAmerika SerikatBahasaBisuIntertitel Inggris Mabel's Busy Day adalah sebuah film kom...

Parque nacional y natural de Doñana

Parque Nacional de Doñana Patrimonio de la Humanidad de la Unesco Dunas (en primer plano) y marismasLocalizaciónPaís  EspañaDivisión  AndalucíaLocalidad Huelva SevillaDatos generalesTipo NaturalCriterios vii, ix, xIdentificación 685bisRegión Europa y América del NorteInscripción 1994 (XVIII sesión)Extensión 2005[editar datos en Wikidata] Espacio Natural de Doñana Categoría UICN II (parque nacional)  Patrimonio de la Humanidad , Parque Nacional, Parque Na...

 

A Taste for Death (O'Donnell novel)

1969 novel by Peter O'Donnell A Taste for Death Hardcover first edition, 1969, Souvenir Press, design by Jim HoldawayAuthorPeter O'DonnellLanguageEnglishSeriesModesty BlaiseGenreSpy fictionPublisherSouvenir PressPublication date1969Publication placeUnited KingdomMedia typePrint (hardback and paperback)Pages288Preceded byI, Lucifer Followed byThe Impossible Virgin  A Taste for Death is the title of an action-adventure novel by Peter O'Donnell which was first published ...