GEOS (ESA)

ESA’s Geos-1 Satellit wird in den Niederlanden für den Start vorbereitet

Das Programm GEOS (Geostationary Earth Orbit Satellite) der Europäischen Weltraumbehörde ESA beinhaltete die ersten Satelliten in einer geostationäre Umlaufbahn, die ausschließlich wissenschaftlichen Zwecken dienten. Im Sprachgebrauch der NASA, die für den Start der Satelliten zuständig war, werden diese Satelliten auch als ESA-GEOS bezeichnet, um sie vom gleichnamigen NASA GEOS-Programm unterscheiden zu können.

Aufgabe der Satelliten waren Messungen der elektrischen und magnetischen Felder, der Plasma-Magnetfeld-Wechselwirkungen sowie der Energie- und Winkelverteilung der geladenen Teilchen (Elektronen und Ionen) im geostationären Orbit.

Die Satelliten hatten eine zylindrische Bauweise mit einer Höhe von 1,32 m. Ohne Treibstoffe wogen sie jeweils 274 kg. Im Orbit entfalteten sie vier je 2,5 m lange Ausleger, zwei 20 m lange Kabel-Ausleger und zwei 3 m lange feststellbare Ausleger für die verschiedenen Sensoren. Um elektrostatische Aufladungen zu verhindern, waren 96 % der Satellitenoberfläche elektrisch leitfähig.

Beide Satelliten waren, bis auf kleine Modifikationen an einigen Experimenten, identisch.

Satelliten im GEOS Programm

  • GEOS 1 (vor dem Start GEOS A) wurde am 20. April 1977 von Cape Canaveral aus mit einer Delta-2914 Rakete ins All gebracht. Ein Fehler der Delta-Rakete führt dazu, dass der geostationäre Orbit nicht erreicht werden konnte. Ein Teil der Experimente konnte aber auch aus dem hochelliptischen Orbit mit 12 Stunden Umlaufzeit, zwischen 2682 und 38.475 km Höhe bei 26,6° Bahnneigung[1], durchgeführt werden.
  • GEOS 2 (vor dem Start GEOS B) wurde am 14. Juli 1978 erfolgreich von Cape Canaveral aus mit einer Delta-2914 Rakete gestartet und danach auf 37° Ost über dem Äquator positioniert.[1]

Quellen

  1. ↑ a b ESA Achievements, BR-200, November 2001 (Memento vom 11. Juli 2004 im Internet Archive)
Commons: Geostationary Earth Orbit Satellite – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Satelliten und Raumsonden mit Beteiligung der ESA
Erfolgte Starts:

COS-B (1975) • GEOS 1 und 2 (1977, 1978) • OTS-1 und -2 (1977, 1978) • ISEE 2 (1977) • Meteosat (1977–1997) • IUE (1978) • Marecs A und B (1981, 1984) • Exosat (1983) • ECS (1983–1988) • Giotto (1985) • Olympus (1989) • Hipparcos (1989) • Hubble (1990) • Ulysses (1990–2009) • ERS 1 und 2 (1991, 1995) • EURECA (1992) • ISO (1995) • SOHO (1995) • EGNOS (1996–2014) • Huygens (1997) • XMM-Newton (1999) • Cluster (2000) • Artemis (2001) • Proba-1 (2001) • Envisat (2002) • MSG-1, -2, -3, -4 (2002, 2005, 2012, 2015) • Integral (2002) • Mars Express (2003) • Smart-1 (2003) • Double Star (2003) • Rosetta (2004) • CryoSat (2005) • SSETI Express (2005) • Venus Express (2005) • Galileo (2005–2024) • MetOp-A, -B und -C (2006, 2012, 2018) • Corot (2006) • GOCE (2009) • Herschel (2009) • Planck (2009) • Proba-2 (2009) • SMOS (2009) • CryoSat-2 (2010) • Hylas (2010) • Alphasat I-XL (2013) • Proba-V (2013) • Swarm (2013) • Gaia (2013) • Sentinel-1A/1B (2014, 2016) • Sentinel-2A/2B (2015, 2017) • LISA Pathfinder (2015) • Sentinel-3A/3B (2016, 2018) • ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (2016) • Schiaparelli (2016) • Sentinel-5P (2017) • ADM-Aeolus (2018) • BepiColombo (2018) • Cheops (2019) • Solar Orbiter (2020) • Phi-Sat-1 (2020) • Sentinel-6A (2020) • JWST (2021) • MTG-I1 (2022) • Juice (2023) • Euclid (2023) • Proba-V CC (2023) • Mantis und Intuition-1 (2023) • EarthCARE (2024) • AWS (2024) • Phi-Sat-2 (2024) • Sentinel-2C (2024) • Hera (2024) • Proba-3 (2024)  • Sentinel-1C (2024)

Geplante Starts:

Biomass (2025) • Galileo (2025–?) • MTG-S1, -I2, -I3, -S2, -I4 (2025–2036) • MetOp-SG (2025–2040) • Sentinel-6B (2025) • Smile (2025) • LEO-PNT (2025–2027) • Altius (2026) • Flex (2026) • Plato (2026) • Lunar Pathfinder (2026) • Galileo 2 (2026–?) • Forum (2027) • Clearspace-1 (2028) • Genesis (2028) • ExoMars Rosalind Franklin (2028) • Ariel (2029) • Comet Interceptor (2029) • Vigil (2031) • EnVision (2031–2033) • Arrakhis (2030er) • LISA (2035)

Read other articles:

SDIT An-Najiyah

Kontributor utama artikel ini tampaknya memiliki hubungan dekat dengan subjek. Artikel ini mungkin memerlukan perapian untuk mematuhi kebijakan konten Wikipedia, terutama dalam hal sudut pandang netral. Silakan dibahas lebih lanjut di halaman pembicaraan artikel ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini)Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber t...

 

Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat

Artikel ini sudah memiliki referensi, tetapi tidak disertai kutipan yang cukup. Anda dapat membantu mengembangkan artikel ini dengan menambahkan lebih banyak kutipan pada teks artikel. (November 2023) (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Tentara Nasional IndonesiaAngkatan DaratLambang TNI Angkatan DaratDibentuk15 Desember 1945 (1945-12-15)(78 tahun, 3 bulan)Negara IndonesiaAliansiTentara Nasional IndonesiaTipe unitAngkatan DaratPeranMenegakka...

 

Isuzu Gala

Isuzu GalaInformasiProdusenIsuzuMasa produksi1996-sekarangBodi & rangkaKelasBusBentuk kerangkaBusMobil terkaitHino S'elegaPenyalur dayaMesin10PE1, 12PE1, 8TD1, E13C, J08ETransmisi6-percepatan manualDimensiPanjang9m, 12mKronologiPendahuluIsuzu Super Cruiser Isuzu Gala' (kana:いすゞ・ガーラ) adalah bus heavy-duty untuk pariwisata yang dibuat oleh Isuzu. Generasi Pertama (1996-2005) KC-LV780/781/782 (1996) Kantung udara khusus pengemudi dilengkapi pada tahun 1997. KL-LV774/780/78...

Champigny-le-Sec

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Champigny. Champigny-le-Sec Dolmen de Fontenaille. Administration Pays France Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine Département Vienne Arrondissement Poitiers Intercommunalité Communauté de communes du Haut-Poitou Statut Commune déléguée Maire délégué Mandat Daniel Meunier 2017-2020 Code postal 86170 Code commune 86053 Démographie Population 1 092 hab. (2014 ) Densité 45 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 46° 42′ 58″ nord, 0...

 

République serbe de Krajina

République serbe de Krajina(sr) Republika Srpska Krajina (sr-Cyrl) Република Српска Крајина 1990–1995Drapeau blason Hymne Bože Pravde Localisation de la république serbe de Krajina.Informations générales Statut République (non reconnue) Capitale Knin Langue(s) bosniaque Religion orthodoxie PIB n/a Monnaie Dinar de Krajina Fuseau horaire UTC+1 CETUTC+2 CEST Domaine internet n/a Indicatif téléphonique n/a Démographie Population Variable, jusqu'à 468&...

 

Raja (fish)

Genus of cartilaginous fishes RajaTemporal range: 70–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Maastrichtian to Present Raja brachyura Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chondrichthyes Subclass: Elasmobranchii Superorder: Batoidea Order: Rajiformes Family: Rajidae Genus: RajaLinnaeus, 1758 Species See text Raja, also known as raia, is a genus of skates in the family Rajidae containing 16 species.[1] Formerly a wastebasket genus, man...

History of broadcasting

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: History of broadcasting – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Guglielmo Marconi The Marconi Company was formed in England in 1910. The photo shows a typical early scene, from 1906, with M...

 

IRIS Sahand (2012)

For other ships with the same name, see Iranian frigate Sahand. The IRIS Sahand in 2018 History Iran NameSahand NamesakeSahand BuilderNEDAJA Factories, Bandar Abbas Launched18 September 2012[1] Commissioned1 December 2018 HomeportBandar-Abbas Identification Pennant number: 74 Code letters: EPEA4 StatusIn active service General characteristics Class and typeMoudge-class frigate Displacement2,000-2,500 tons Length95 m (311 ft 8 in) Installed power4 × diesel engines Speed...

 

Prototype

Early sample or model built to test a concept or process For other uses, see Prototype (disambiguation). Prototype signage on the Boise Greenbelt, testing for rust, paint-fastness, durability, etc. A sign explaining prototype signage A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process.[1] It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and software programming. A prototype is generally used to evaluate...

Debasree Chaudhuri

Indian politician Debasree ChaudhuriUnion Minister of State for Woman and Child Development,Government of IndiaIn office30 May 2019 – 7 July 2021Prime MinisterNarendra ModiMinisterSmriti IraniPreceded byVirendra Kumar KhatikSucceeded byMahendra MunjaparaMember of Parliament, Lok SabhaIncumbentAssumed office 23 May 2019ConstituencyRaiganjPreceded byMohammed Salim Personal detailsBorn (1971-01-31) 31 January 1971 (age 53)[1]Balurghat, West Bengal, India[1]Pol...

 

Alexander McGillivray

Muscogee leader (1750–1793) For the former leader of the Alberta Conservative Party, see Alexander McGillivray (politician). This is an unconfirmed portrait of Alexander McGillivray contained in a silver locket. Alexander McGillivray, also known as Hoboi-Hili-Miko (December 15, 1750 – February 17, 1793), was a Muscogee (Creek) leader. The son of a Muscogee mother and a Scottish father, he was literate and educated, and understood the white European world and merchandise tradi...

 

List of counties in Utah

Administrative subdivisions of Utah Counties of Utah RI CA BE TE DA WB MN SL SU DG UN CC DU WA UT JU MD SP SE EM GR SJ WE PT BV RN GA KN WN LocationState of UtahNumber29Populations992 (Daggett) – 1,185,813 (Salt Lake)Areas299 square miles (770 km2) (Davis) – 7,820 square miles (20,300 km2) (San Juan)GovernmentCounty governmentSubdivisionscities, towns, townships, unincorporated communities, Indian reservations, census designated places Population density of Utah counties There a...

2021 Tampa Bay Buccaneers–New England Patriots game

2021 professional American football game The Return: 2021 Tampa Bay Buccaneers–New England Patriots gameThe game was played at Gillette Stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts. Tampa Bay Buccaneers (2–1) New England Patriots (1–2) 19 17 Head coach:Bruce Arians Head coach:Bill Belichick 1234 Total TB 3376 19 NE 07010 17 DateOctober 3, 2021StadiumGillette Stadium, Foxborough, MassachusettsFavoriteTampa Bay by 6+1⁄2 points[1]RefereeBill VinovichAttendance65,878TV in the United S...

 

Chevrolet Miray

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Chevrolet Miray – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2015) Motor vehicle Chevrolet MirayChevrolet Miray concept car.OverviewManufacturerChevrolet (General Motors)DesignerChevrolet Advanced Design teamBody and chassisClassConcept carBod...

 

Swing State (film)

2016 American filmSwing StatePosterDirected byJonathan SheldonWritten byJonathan SheldonProduced byJonathan SheldonDouglas MagallonDiego EspanaAdam FalkoffArthur L. BernsteinKenneth PrietoDillon D. JordanStarringAlex BehTaryn ManningBilly ZaneSean AstinAngela KinseyCinematographyAlan MarinoEdited byAlan MarinoKenneth PrietoMusic byAleks de CarvalhoDistributed byThe OrchardRelease date November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01) Running time89 minutesCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglish Swing ...

مسييه 94

مسييه 94معلومات عامةجزء من [CHM2007] HDC 706 (en) [1][CHM2007] LDC 867 (en) [1][T2015] nest 100491 (en) [1] المكتشف أو المخترع بيير ميشان[2] زمن الاكتشاف أو الاختراع 22 مارس 1781[2] الكوكبة السلوقيان[3] الجرم السماوي الأم مجموعة مجرات السلوقيان 1 الانزياح الأحمر 0٫001[4] المسافة من الأرض ...

 

Almond

Species of nut For other uses, see Almond (disambiguation). Almond 1897 illustration[1] Almond tree with ripening nuts. Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Genus: Prunus Subgenus: Prunus subg. Amygdalus Species: P. amygdalus Binomial name Prunus amygdalusBatsch, 1801 Synonyms[2][3] Replaced syn. Amygdalus communis L., 1753 Homotypic Amygdalus amygdalus (Bat...

 

Float (parade)

Decorated platform which is a component of many festive parades A float at Rio Carnival, 2014 A float is a decorated platform, either built on a vehicle like a truck or towed behind one, which is a component of many festive parades, such as those of Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, the Carnival in São Paulo, the Carnival of Viareggio, the Maltese Carnival, the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, Mardi Gras in New Orleans, the Gasparilla Pirate Festival, the 500 Festival Parade in Indianapolis, the Un...

Guia Hill Cable Car

Cable car station at Jardim da Flora Cable car gondola lift The Guia Hill Cable Car (Chinese: 松山纜車; Portuguese: Teleférico da Guia) is an aerial gondola lift system at Guia Hill, Macau. The system connects Jardim da Flora with Parque Municipal da Colina da Guia. It opened in 1997 and has nine cars (each holding four passengers). Visitors can gain a bird's-eye view of the garden and a panoramic perspective of the city.[1] The ride takes 80 seconds.[2] Ticket price...

 

Mantorville, Minnesota

City in Minnesota, United States City in Minnesota, United StatesMantorvilleCityDodge County Courthouse in MantorvilleLocation of Mantorvillewithin Dodge County and state of MinnesotaCoordinates: 44°03′57″N 92°45′10″W / 44.06583°N 92.75278°W / 44.06583; -92.75278CountryUnited StatesStateMinnesotaCountyDodgeIncorporated1854Area[1] • Total1.48 sq mi (3.84 km2) • Land1.46 sq mi (3.78 km2) •&#...