Erster Seelord

Erster Seelord und Chef des Marinestabs
First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff
Flagge der Royal Navy
Amtierend
Ben Key
seit dem 8. November 2021
Amtssitz Verteidigungsministerium, Whitehall, London
Amtszeit At His Majesty’s pleasure
Ernennung durch King-in-Council
Schaffung des Amtes 1689
Erster Amtsinhaber Arthur Herbert, 1. Earl of Torrington
Website [1]

Erster Seelord und Chef des Marinestabs (englisch First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff) ist im Vereinigten Königreich heute die ranghöchste Dienststellung innerhalb der Royal Navy. Der Erste Seelord ist heute innerhalb des britischen Verteidigungsministeriums zugleich Chef des Stabes der Royal Navy (Chief of Naval Staff). Die Abkürzung lautet 1SL/CNS. Das Amt ist nicht zu verwechseln mit dem des Ersten Lords der Admiralität, das der Funktion des Marineministers entspricht.

Geschichte

Die Dienststellung des Ersten Seelords ist aus dem Posten des First Naval Lord hervorgegangen, der von 1828 bis 1904 existierte. Die Position änderte sich im Lauf der Geschichte, wobei die Geschichte des Ersten Seelords eng mit der Geschichte der britischen Admiralität verbunden ist.

Ursprünglich lag die Verantwortung für die Führung der Royal Navy bei einer einzelnen Person, dem Lord High Admiral. Ab dem 18. Jahrhundert wurde diese Aufgabe aber meist durch einen Ausschuss erfüllt, das Board of Admiralty. Die Mitglieder dieses Ausschusses wurden als Lords Commissioner of the Admiralty bezeichnet und setzten sich aus Admiralen der Royal Navy sowie aus Zivilisten zusammen. Die Admirale im Board of Admiralty wurden als „Seelords“ bezeichnet. Es gab davon zuletzt fünf, wobei dem Ersten Seelord die operative Leitung der Royal Navy unterstand. Den Vorsitz über das gesamte Board of Admiralty führte der First Lord of the Admiralty („Erster Lord der Admiralität“), der üblicherweise dem Kabinett angehörte und nach 1806 stets ein Zivilist war. Er hatte die politische Verantwortung für die Royal Navy zu tragen und wurde von daher auch als „Marineminister“ bezeichnet.

Die beschriebene Organisationsstruktur innerhalb der britischen Admiralität bestand noch bis in die zweite Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. 1964 wurden alle bisherigen Funktionen der Admiralität dem in diesem Jahr neu geschaffenen Verteidigungsministerium des Vereinigten Königreichs übertragen. Innerhalb des Verteidigungsministeriums wurden neue Dienststellen geschaffen, die zum Teil die Namen früherer Behörden erhielten, und auch der Name Erster Seelord für den operativen Leiter der Royal Navy wurde nach 1964 weiter beibehalten.

Das formelle Flaggschiff des Ersten Seelords war die Victory von 1737. Nachdem die Victory 1744 im Sturm gesunken war, wurde die Victory von 1759 das neue Flaggschiff, das es auch bis heute noch ist, obwohl es als Museumsschiff im Portsmouth Historic Dockyard im Trockendock liegt. Bekanntheit erlangte die Victory als Flaggschiff von Vizeadmiral Nelson in der Seeschlacht von Trafalgar und ist das älteste in Dienst befindliche Kriegsschiff.

First Naval Lords (1828–1904)

Bild Amtsinhaber Amtszeit
Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet 1828–1830
Vice-Admiral of the Blue Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, 1. Baronet Vice-Admiral of the Blue Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, 1. Baronet 1830–1834
George Heneage Lawrence Dundas Rear Admiral George Heneage Lawrence Dundas 1834
Admiral Sir Charles Adam Admiral Sir Charles Adam 1834
Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet 1834–1835
Admiral Sir Charles Adam Admiral Sir Charles Adam 1835–1841
Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet Admiral of the Fleet Sir George Cockburn, 10. Baronet 1841–1846
Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Parker, 1. Baronet Vice Admiral Sir William Parker, 1. Baronet 1846
Admiral Sir Charles Adam Admiral Sir Charles Adam 1846–1847
Admiral Sir James Whitley Deans Dundas Admiral Sir James Whitley Deans Dundas 1847–1852
Admiral Sir Maurice Berkeley, 1. Baron FitzHardinge Admiral Sir Maurice Frederick FitzHardinge Berkeley 1852
Vice-Admiral Hyde Parker 1852–1854
Admiral Sir Maurice Berkeley, 1. Baron FitzHardinge Admiral Sir Maurice Frederick FitzHardinge Berkeley 1854–1857
Vice Admiral Sir Richard Saunders Dundas Vice Admiral Sir Richard Saunders Dundas 1857–1858
Admiral Sir William Fanshawe Martin, 4. Baronet 1858–1859
Vice Admiral Sir Richard Saunders Dundas Vice Admiral Sir Richard Saunders Dundas 1859–1861
Admiral Sir Frederick William Grey 1861–1866
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1. Baronet Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1. Baronet 1866–1868
Admiral Sir Sydney Colpoys Dacres Admiral Sir Sydney Colpoys Dacres 1868–1872
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1. Baronet Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alexander Milne, 1. Baronet 1872–1876
Admiral Sir Hastings Yelverton Admiral Sir Hastings Yelverton 1876–1877
Admiral Sir George Wellesley Admiral Sir George Wellesley 1877–1879
Admiral Sir Astley Cooper Key Admiral Sir Astley Cooper Key 1879–1885
Arthur Hood, 1. Baron Hood of Avalon Admiral Arthur Hood, 1. Baron Hood of Avalon 1885–1886
John Hay Admiral of the Fleet Lord John Hay 1886
Arthur Hood, 1. Baron Hood of Avalon Admiral Arthur Hood, 1. Baron Hood of Avalon 1886–1889
Richard Vesey Hamilton Admiral Sir Richard Vesey Hamilton 1889–1891
Admiral Sir Anthony Hoskins Admiral Sir Anthony Hoskins 1891–1893
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick Richards Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick Richards 1893–1899
Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Kerr Admiral of the Fleet Lord Walter Kerr 1899–1904

First Sea Lords (1904–heute)

Bild Amtsinhaber Amtszeit
John Fisher, 1. Baron Fisher Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Fisher 1904–1910
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Wilson Admiral of the Fleet Sir Arthur Wilson 1910–1911
Sir Francis Bridgeman Admiral Sir Francis Charles Bridgeman 1911–1912
Prinz Ludwig Alexander von Battenberg Admiral Prinz Ludwig Alexander von Battenberg 1912–1914
John Fisher, 1. Baron Fisher Admiral of the Fleet John Fisher, 1. Baron Fisher 1914–1915
Henry Bradwardine Jackson Admiral Sir Henry Bradwardine Jackson 1915–1916
John Jellicoe, 1. Earl Jellicoe Admiral of the Fleet John Jellicoe, 1. Earl Jellicoe 1916–1917
Rosslyn Erskine Wemyss, Baron Wester Wemyss by Sir William Orpen Admiral of the Fleet Rosslyn Wemyss, 1. Baron Wester Wemyss 1917–1919
David Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty by William Orpen Admiral of the Fleet David Beatty, 1. Earl Beatty 1919–1927
Admiral Charles Madden, 1. Baronet (Gemälde von Reginald Eves, 1922) Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Madden, 1. Baronet 1927–1930
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick Field Admiral of the Fleet Sir Frederick Field 1930–1933
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Ernle Chatfield Admiral of the Fleet Ernle Chatfield, 1. Baron Chatfield 1933–1938
Admiral Sir Roger Backhouse Admiral Sir Roger Backhouse 1938–1939
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Alfred Dudley Pickman Rogers Pound Admiral of the Fleet Sir Dudley Pound 1939–1943
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew Cunningham Admiral of the Fleet Andrew Cunningham, 1. Viscount Cunningham of Hyndhope 1943–1946
Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Henry Dacres Cunningham Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Cunningham 1946–1948
Admiral of the Fleet Bruce Austin Fraser, 1st Baron Fraser of North Cape Admiral of the Fleet Bruce Fraser, 1. Baron Fraser of North Cape 1948–1951
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick McGrigor Admiral of the Fleet Sir Rhoderick McGrigor 1951–1955
Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma Admiral of the Fleet Louis Mountbatten, 1. Earl Mountbatten of Burma 1955–1959
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Charles Lambe 1959–1960
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Caspar John 1960–1963
Admiral Sir David Luce 1963–1966
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Varyl Begg 1966–1968
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Michael Le Fanu 1968–1970
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Peter Hill-Norton 1970–1971
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Michael Pollock 1971–1974
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Edward Beckwith Ashmore 1974–1977
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Terence Lewin 1977–1979
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Leach 1979–1982
Admiral of the Fleet Sir John Fieldhouse 1982–1985
Admiral of the Fleet Sir William Staveley 1985–1989
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Julian Oswald 1989–1993
Admiral of the Fleet Sir David Benjamin Bathurst 1993–1995
Admiral Sir Jock Slater Admiral Sir John Cunningham Kirkwood Slater 1995–1998
Admiral Sir Michael Boyce Admiral Sir Michael Boyce 1998–2001
Admiral Sir Nigel Essenhigh 2001–2002
Admiral Sir Alan West Admiral Sir Alan West 2002–2006
Admiral Sir Jonathon Band Admiral Sir Jonathon Band 2006–2009
Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope 2009–2013
Admiral Sir George Zambellas Admiral Sir George Zambellas 2013–2016
Admiral Sir Philip Jones Admiral Sir Philip Jones 2016–2019
Tony Radakin 2019 Admiral Sir Tony Radakin 2019–2021
Sir Ben Key Admiral Sir Ben Key Seit 2021

Literatur

  • Malcolm H. Murfett (Hrsg.): The First Sea Lords. From Fisher to Mountbatten. Praeger, Westport CT u. a. 1995, ISBN 0-275-94231-7.

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