Dissimilation (Phonologie)

Als Dissimilation bezeichnet man in der Phonologie die Entähnlichung zweier oder mehrerer ähnlicher Laute innerhalb eines Wortes.

Beispiele

  • Das ch in der Folge chs (z. B. in sechs oder in Fuchs) wurde ursprünglich als Frikativ ausgesprochen. Diese Aussprache hat sich den Wörtern „sechzehn“ und „sechzig“ erhalten, ebenso wie in bestimmten Gegenden (z. B. in der Schweiz, siehe Helvetismus). Da es sich bei s ebenfalls um einen Frikativ handelt, ist eine Dissimilation erfolgt, so dass ch als /k/ ausgesprochen wird.
  • lateinisch meridies ('Mittag') aus *medi-die (Lokativ von medius dies)
  • spanisch alma ('Seele') aus lateinisch anima
  • hethitisch lāman ('Name') aus aus der Grundsprache ererbtem nāman

Siehe auch

  • Assimilation (Phonologie) – in der Phonologie Sprachlautveränderungen, die meist durch Koartikulation (artikulatorische Vereinfachung) entstehen.
  • Lautwandel – eine Art des Sprachwandels, die darin besteht, dass die Aussprache von Lauten mit der Zeit geändert wird.
  • Graßmannsches Gesetz (Sprachwissenschaft) – eine für die indogermanische Sprachwissenschaft 1863 nachgewiesene phonetische Dissimilationsregel.

Quelle

  • Jörg Meibauer: Einführung in die germanistische Linguistik. 2. Aufl. (2007), S. 98.

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