Compatible Time-Sharing System

Das Compatible Time-Sharing System (CTSS) war das erste Time-Sharing System und bot mehreren Benutzern parallelen und voneinander abgegrenzten Zugriff auf einen Mainframe. Es wurde Anfang der 1960er Jahre am MIT von einem Team unter der Leitung von Fernando Corbató entwickelt und bis 1973 genutzt.[1] Es basierte auf den theoretischen Grundlagen von John McCarthy und Christopher Strachey, die 1959 unabhängig voneinander die gleichzeitige Ausführung des Programm-Codes mehrerer Nutzer auf einem Mainframe propagierten.[2][3]

CTSS wurde das erste Mal 1961 als Experimental Time Sharing System auf einem IBM 709-Mainframe betrieben. Der Zugriff erfolgte über drei IBM Flexowriter Typewriter als Terminals, wodurch erstmals drei Nutzer gleichzeitig ein Mainframe nutzen konnten. Eine weitere Neuerung war, dass CTSS neben der Programm-Entwicklung das Anlegen privater Dateien sowie die Unterbrechung und Wiederaufnahme von Debugging-Sessions ermöglichte.[4] Nachdem 1962 der Betrieb von CTSS auf einen IBM 7090 übergegangen war, erhielt das MIT bereits 1963 einen IBM 7094. CTSS ermöglichte es nun auch, dass Nutzer auf den Mainframe über Fernzugriff zugriffen und Dateien durch symbolische Verlinkungen gemeinsam verwendeten.[5]

Das „Compatible“ im Namen bezog sich auf die Möglichkeit, eine unveränderte Kopie des Fortran Monitor Systems (FMS) im Hintergrund auszuführen. Dadurch war es möglich, die unter diesem Stapelverarbeitungs-Betriebssystem entwickelten Programme weiter zu nutzen.[6]

CTSS gilt als Vorläufer von Multics, welches wiederum der Vorläufer von Unix ist.

Dateisystem

	10 FILES	20 TRACKS USED
DATE		NAME		MODE	NO. TRACKS
5/20/63		MAIN	MAD	P	15
5/17/63 	DPFA	SYMTB	P	1
5/17/63 	DPFA	BSS	P	1
5/17/63 	DPFA	FAP	P	2

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Melinda Varian: VM and the VM Community: Past, Present, and Future. [Princeton, NJ] 1997, S. 3–5.
  2. ↑ McCarthy, John: Memorandum to P. M. Morse Proposing Time-Sharing. s.l. 1959 (stanford.edu).
  3. ↑ Christopher Strachey: Time sharing in large fast computers. In: Information processing. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Information Processing. Paris 1959, S. 336–341.
  4. ↑ Fernando J. Corbató, Marjorie Merwin-Daggett, Robert C. Daley: An experimental time-sharing system. In: Proceedings of the May 1-3, 1962, spring joint computer conference (= AIEE-IRE '62 (Spring)). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA 1962, ISBN 978-1-4503-7875-8, S. 335–344 (mit.edu [abgerufen am 28. November 2021]).
  5. ↑ Tom Van Vleck: The IBM 7094 and CTSS. 16. März 2015 (multicians.org).
  6. ↑ David Walden, Tom Van Vleck: The Compatible Time Sharing System (1961–1973). Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative Overview. IEEE Computer Society, 2011, S. 7.

Read other articles:

Andrew Shue

Andrew ShueShue 1983LahirAndrew Eppley Shue[1]20 Februari 1967 (umur 57)Wilmington, Delaware, A.S.AlmamaterDartmouth College (B.A., Ilmu Sejarah, 1989)PekerjaanAktorSuami/istriJennifer Hageney ​ ​(m. 1994; c. 2008)​ Amy Robach ​ ​(m. 2010; pisah 2022)​Anak3 putra, 2 putri tiri[2]Orang tuaJames W. ShueAnne BrewsterKerabatElisabeth Shue (saudari) Karier sepak bolaTinggi 5 f...

 

Alen Stevanović

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada September 2016. Alen Stevanović Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Alen StevanovićTanggal lahir 7 Januari 1991 (umur 33)Tempat lahir Zürich, SwissTinggi 1,80 m (5 ft 11 in)Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Spezia(pinjaman dari Tor...

 

Orbetello

OrbetelloKomuneComune di OrbetelloThe windmill on the lagoon of Orbetello.Negara ItaliaWilayahToscanaProvinsiGrosseto (GR)FrazioniAlbinia, Ansedonia, Fonteblanda, Giannella, TalamonePemerintahan • Wali kotaAltero Matteoli (since 2006-05-29)Luas • Total226,98 km2 (8,764 sq mi)Ketinggian3 m (10 ft)Populasi (31 Mei 2007) • Total14.978 • Kepadatan0,66/km2 (1,7/sq mi)DemonimOrbetellaniZona waktuUTC+1 (CET) ...

Joseph William Tobin

Joseph W. TobinC.Ss.R.Kardinal, Uskup Agung NewarkGerejaGereja KatolikKeuskupan agungNewarkTakhtaNewarkPenunjukan7 November 2016Awal masa jabatan6 Januari 2017PendahuluJohn J. MyersJabatan lainKardinal Imam Santa Maria delle Grazie a Via Trionfale Superior Gerejawi Turks dan CaicosImamatTahbisan imam1 Juni 1978Tahbisan uskup9 Oktober 2010oleh Tarcisio Bertone, S.D.B.Pelantikan kardinal19 November 2016oleh Paus FransiskusPeringkatKardinal ImamInformasi pribadiLahir3 Mei 1952 (umur 71...

 

Purpura

Hemorrhagic lesion of the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin For other uses, see Purpura (disambiguation). Medical conditionPurpuraPetechiae and purpura on the lower limb due to medication-induced vasculitisSpecialtyDermatology, hematology Purpura (/ˈpɜːrpjʊərə/[1]) is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. The spots are caused by bleeding underneath the skin secondary to platelet disorders, vascular disorders,...

 

Uppsala

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Uppsala (disambigua). Uppsalaarea urbana Uppsala – VedutaStazione, Orto botanico, UKK, Cattedrale, centro città LocalizzazioneStato Svezia RegioneSvealand Contea Uppsala ComuneUppsala AmministrazioneSindacoErik Pelling (S/SAP) dal 2018 TerritorioCoordinate59°51′N 17°38′E / 59.85°N 17.633333°E59.85; 17.633333 (Uppsala)Coordinate: 59°51′N 17°38′E / 59.85°N 17.6...

American Idol (musim 6)

American IdolMusim 6PresenterRyan SeacrestJuriSimon CowellPaula AbdulRandy JacksonPemenangJordin SparksTempat keduaBlake LewisLokasi finalKodak Theatre RilisJaringan asliFox Broadcasting CompanyTanggal disiarkan16 Januari –23 Mei 2007Kronologi Musim← SebelumnyaMusim 5Berikutnya →Musim 7 Blake Lewis, runner-up American Idol musim keenam American Idol Musim Keenam adalah kelanjutan acara realitas bernyanyi di Amerika Serikat, American Idol. Setelah sebelumnya mengadaptasi P...

 

Ponti, Piemonte

Ponti, Piemonte commune di Italia Tempat Negara berdaulatItaliaRegion di ItaliaPiedmontProvinsi di ItaliaProvinsi Alessandria NegaraItalia Ibu kotaPonti PendudukTotal514  (2023 )GeografiLuas wilayah11,97 km² [convert: unit tak dikenal]Ketinggian186 m Berbatasan denganBistagno Castelletto d'Erro Denice Sessame Monastero Bormida Montechiaro d'Acqui SejarahHari liburpatronal festival Santo pelindungSebastianus Informasi tambahanKode pos15010 Zona waktuUTC+1 UTC+2 Kode telepon0144 ID I...

 

Death Adder (character)

Fictional supervillain from Marvel Comics This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's general notability guideline. Please help to demonstrate the notability of the topic by citing reliable secondary sources that are independent of the topic and provide significant coverage of it beyond a mere trivial mention. If notability cannot be ...

Solubilité

La réaction de précipitation, effectuée à partir d'une solution ou d'une suspension, forme un précipité et un liquide surnageant, observés ici dans un tube à essai. La solubilité est la capacité d'une substance, appelée soluté, à se dissoudre dans une autre substance, appelée solvant, pour former un mélange homogène appelé solution. La dissolution est ce processus. En thermodynamique, la solubilité massique est une grandeur physique notée s désignant la concentration massi...

 

Drink to That All Night

2013 single by Jerrod NiemannDrink to That All NightSingle by Jerrod Niemannfrom the album High Noon ReleasedOctober 21, 2013 (2013-10-21)Recorded2013GenreCountry popLength3:45LabelSea GayleArista NashvilleSongwriter(s)Derek GeorgeLance MillerBrad WarrenBrett WarrenProducer(s)Jerrod NiemannJimmie Lee SloasJerrod Niemann singles chronology Only God Could Love You More (2012) Drink to That All Night (2013) Donkey (2014) Alternative coverCover for remix featuring Pitbull Pitbull&#...

 

Defek septum ventrikel

Defek septum ventrikelInformasi umumSpesialisasiOperasi kardiakDefek septum ventrikel (VSD) adalah suatu kecacatan pada septum ventrikel, dinding yang memisahkan bagian kiri dan kanan ventrikel jantung. Luas lubangnya dapat bervariasi dari ukuran pin hingga tidak adanya septum ventrikel, sehingga menciptakan satu ventrikel umum. Referensi Pranala luar KlasifikasiDICD-10: Q21.0ICD-9-CM: 745.4DiseasesDB: 13808Sumber luarMedlinePlus: 001099eMedicine: med/3517

Oleh Tyahnybok

Ukrainian politician In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Yaroslavovych and the family name is Tyahnybok. Oleh TyahnybokОлег ТягнибокTyahnybok in 2014Leader of SvobodaIncumbentAssumed office 14 February 2004Preceded byYaroslav AndruschkivDeputy of the Lviv Oblast Council2nd sessionIn office1994–1998ConstituencyIndependentPeople's Deputy of Ukraine3rd convocationIn office12 May 1998 – 14 May 2002ConstituencySocial-National ...

 

The Prior's Case

Property law case This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Prior's Case – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Prior's CaseCitation(s)(1368) Co Litt 385a, (1368) YB 42 Edw 3 fo 3 pl 14KeywordsCovenant The Prior's Case (1368) Co Litt 385a is an Engl...

 

Indian religions

Religions that originated on the Indian subcontinent This article is about the religions that originated in the Indian subcontinent. For religious demographics of the Republic of India, see Religion in India. For the book, see The Religion of India. For the religions of indigenous peoples of North America, see Native American religions. Indian religions as a percentage of world population   Hinduism (16%)  Buddhism (7.1%)  Sikhism (0.35%)  Jainism (0.06...

Right to food

Human right Right to food around the world (as of 2011–2012):[1][2][3]   Adopted or drafting a framework law (19)   Constitutional, explicit as a right (23)   Constitutional, implicit in broader rights or as directive principle (41)   Direct applicability via international treaties (103)   Committed by ratifying the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (160)   No known right to food...

 

Ballroom

Large room for a dance party For other uses, see Ballroom (disambiguation). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German. (November 2010) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the German article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Googl...

 

Malabo

Malabo Héraldique Drapeau De haut en bas, de gauche à droite : la baie de Malabo, Mercado Central, Nuevo Estadio, Décoration floral, Cathédrale Sainte-Élisabeth, la Casa Verde. Administration Pays Guinée équatoriale Province Bioko-Norte Démographie Gentilé Malabéen[1] Population 297 000 hab.[2] (2018) Géographie Coordonnées 3° 45′ 07″ nord, 8° 46′ 25″ est Localisation Géolocalisation sur la carte : Guinée équatoriale ...

Poet

Person who writes and publishes poetry For other uses, see Poet (disambiguation). Poetess redirects here. For the American rapper, see The Poetess. PoetOccupationNamesPoet, Troubador, BardOccupation typeVocationActivity sectorsLiteraryDescriptionCompetenciesWritingRelated jobsNovelist, writer, lyricist Literature Oral literature Folklore fable fairy tale folk play folksong heroic epic legend myth proverb Oration Performance audiobook spoken word Saying Major written forms Drama closet drama P...

 

Ludovico della Torre

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Ludovico della Torre (disambigua). Ludovico della Torrepatriarca della Chiesa cattolica  Incarichi ricoperti Vescovo di Trieste (1346-1349) Vescovo di Oleno (1349-1357) Vescovo di Corone (1357-1359) Patriarca di Aquileia (1359-1365)  Nominato vescovo20 giugno 1346 da papa Clemente VI Elevato patriarca10 maggio 1359 da papa Innocenzo VI Deceduto30 luglio 1365 a Faedis   Manuale Ludovico della Torre (... – Soffumberg...