Chuxue ji

Chuxue ji 初學記 / 初学记, Chūxué jì („Aufzeichnungen über die Anfangsgründe des Lernens“) ist ein von Xu Jian 徐坚 (659–727), Zhang Shuo 张说, Wei Shu 韦述 und anderen in der Zeit der Tang-Dynastie zusammengestelltes Leishu (Enzyklopädie).

Werk

Das für angehende Studenten geschaffene chinesische Nachschlagewerk aus 30 juan hat sein Material in 23 Teilen (bu 部) und 313 Unterkategorien (zimu 子目) zusammengestellt, es ist „hauptsächlich der Politik, aber auch der Religion, der Zoologie, der Astronomie, den Sitten und Gebräuchen sowie anderen Themen[1] “ gewidmet.

Der Stil des Buches lehnt sich ein wenig an den des älteren Leishu mit dem Titel Yiwen leiju („Nach Sachgruppen geordnete Sammlung von literarischen Texten“) an, ist aber nicht genau derselbe. Im Siku quanshu zongmu tiyao[2], dem annotierten Gesamtkatalog zum Siku Quanshu, heißt es zu dem Werk:[3]

„「在唐人类书中，博不及《艺文类聚》，而精则胜之，若《北堂书钞》及《六帖》，则出此书之下远矣。」

(in ungefährer deutscher Übersetzung:)

Unter den Leishu (Enzyklopädien) der Tang-Dynastie ist es nicht so reichhaltig (bo) wie das Yiwen leiju, aber in seiner Essenz (jing) besser; Beitang shuchao und Liutie fielen im Vergleich dazu weit ab.“

Das Hanyu da zidian führt in seiner Bibliographie als verwendete Ausgabe die des Zhonghua-Verlags aus dem Jahr 1962 an.

Inhalt

Sein Inhalt ist (in ungefährer deutscher Übersetzung):[4]

1.-2. 天 Himmel und Astronomie
3.-4. 歲時 Jahreszeiten und Zeit
5.-7. 地 Die Erde
8. 州郡 Verwaltungsgeographie
9. 帝王 Herrscher
10. 中宮 Der Zentralpalast
諸宮 Andere Paläste
帝戚 Kaiserliche Verwandte
11.-12. 職官 Staatsämter
13.-14. 禮 Rituale
15.-16. 樂 Musik
17.-19. 人 Mensch
20. 政理 Politik
21. 文 Zivile Angelegenheiten
22. 武 Militärische Angelegenheiten
23. 道釋 Daoismus und Buddhismus
24. 居處 Architektur
25. 器物 Werkzeuge und Utensilien
26. 服食 Kleidung und Lebensmittel
27. 寶器 (花草附) Juwelen (dazu Blumen und Kräuter)
28. 果木 Früchte und Bäume
29. 獸 Tiere
30. 鳥 (鱗介蟲附) Vögel (dazu Schuppen- und Kriechtiere)

Literatur

  • Endymion Wilkinson: Chinese History: A Manual. 2000 (S. 601 ff.)
  • Ssu-yü Teng und K. Biggerstaff: An Annotated Bibliography of Selected Chinese Reference Works, third edition, Cambridge/Mass.: Harvard University Press 1971
Commons: Chuxue ji – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Wikisource: 初學記 – Quellen und Volltexte (chinesisch)

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Helwig Schmidt-Glintzer: Geschichte der chinesischen Literatur. 1999, S. 309 (mit Verweis auf Teng/Biggerstaff)
  2. ↑ chinesisch Sìkù quánshū zǒngmù tíyào / 四库全书总目提要
  3. ↑ Zitiert nach: ctext.org: 《初学记》.
  4. ↑ Wiedergegeben nach der englischsprachigen Webseite chinaknowledge.de: Chuxueji 初學記.

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