Charm (Physik)

Der Charm bezeichnet eine Quantenzahl für ein Teilchen oder einen Zustand in der Theorie der Elementarteilchen im Standardmodell. Charm ist neben Isospin, Strangeness, Bottomness und Topness eine der Flavour-Quantenzahlen der Quarks. Im Unterschied dazu steht z. B. die Farbquantenzahl, die Gegenstand der Quantenchromodynamik ist.

Als Quark-Teilchen vom Up-Typ hat das Charm-Quark c den Charm ; das zugehörige Antiteilchen, das Charm-Antiquark c, hat . Alle anderen fundamentalen Elementarteilchen haben Charm 0. Daher ist der Charm eines Systems wie z. B. eines Hadrons gleich der Anzahl der Charm-Quarks minus der Anzahl der Charm-Antiquarks:

.

Wie alle Flavour-Quantenzahlen ist Charm erhalten unter starker und elektromagnetischer Wechselwirkung, nicht allerdings unter schwacher Interaktion (siehe auch CKM-Matrix zur Erklärung). Für schwache Zerfälle mit nur einem Quarkzerfall, also der ersten Ordnung, kann sich der Charm nur um 1 ändern: ΔC = ±1,0. Prozesse erster Ordnung sind deutlich häufiger als Prozesse zweiter Ordnung, daher kann dies als nicht-strenge (approximative) Auswahlregel für Zerfälle unter schwacher Wechselwirkung verwendet werden.

Siehe auch

Wiktionary: Charm – Bedeutungserklärungen, Wortherkunft, Synonyme, Übersetzungen
Wikibooks: Teilchenphysik: Teilcheneigenschaften#Die Seltsamkeit von Teilchen – Lern- und Lehrmaterialien

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