Bändermodell (Proteine)

Proteinstrukturen, von der primären zur quartären Struktur.

Bändermodelle sind Molekülmodelle von Proteinstrukturen.[1][2][3][4] Sie visualisieren Elemente der Sekundärstruktur wie eine α-Helix oder ein β-Faltblatt und erlauben eine Darstellung der Tertiärstruktur. Verschiedene Polypeptide können zur besseren Unterscheidung farblich unterschiedlich markiert sein. Bändermodelle werden bei der molekularen Modellierung eingesetzt,[5][6] z. B. beim Protein-Engineering. Das Bändermodell wurde 1980/81 durch Jane Richardson etabliert.[1][2][3] Ähnliche Ansätze gab es aber schon früher.

Strukturdarstellungen

Triosephosphatisomerase, handgezeichnet von Jane Richardson.
Sekundärstruktur[1][2]
α-Helices Zylindrische spiralförmige Bänder, mit der Bänderebene ungefähr auf der Peptidbindungsebene.
β-Stränge Pfeile mit einer Dicke von 25 % der Breite in Richtung von N- zu C-Terminus. β-Faltblätter bestehen aus parallel angeordneten β-Strängen mit β-Schleifen.
Schleifen und andere
Nichtrepetitive Schleifen Runde Stränge entlang der α-C-Atome der Aminosäuren, die vom Vordergrund zum Hintergrund dünner werden.
Verbindungen zwischen Schleifen und Helices Runde Stränge entlang der α-C-Atome der Aminosäuren, die beim Übergang zur α-Helix flacher werden.
Andere Merkmale
N- und C-Terminus Kleine Pfeile an einem oder beiden Enden oder mit Buchstaben codiert. Für β-Stränge ist die Richtung des Pfeils ausreichend. Oftmals wird hierfür ein Farbgradient entlang der Aminosäuresequenz verwendet.
Disulfidbrücken Mit verschränktem Doppel-S oder mit einem Zick-Zack-Strich
Prosthetische Gruppen oder Inhibitoren Stabmodell, Kugel-und-Stabmodell
Metalle Kugeln
Schattierung und Farbe Der Kontrast nimmt zum Hintergrund hin ab

Software

Verschiedene Programme zur Darstellung von Proteinen im Bändermodell wurden entwickelt, z. B. Molscript von Arthur M. Lesk, Karl Hardman und John Priestle,[7] Jmol,[8] DeepView,[9] MolMol,[10] KiNG,[11] UCSF Chimera[12] und PyMOL von Warren DeLano.[13]

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Jane Shelby Richardson: The anatomy and taxonomy of protein structure. In: Advances in protein chemistry. Band 34, 1981, S. 167–339, PMID 7020376.
  2. a b c J. S. Richardson: Schematic drawings of protein structures. In: Methods in enzymology. Band 115, 1985, S. 359–380, PMID 3853075.
  3. a b Jane S. Richardson: Early ribbon drawings of proteins (Memento vom 1. Februar 2014 im Internet Archive; PDF; 227 KB). In: Nature Structural Biology, Band 7, Nummer 8, August 2000, S. 624–625, doi:10.1038/77912. PMID 10932243.
  4. M. Morange: What history tells us XXV. Construction of the ribbon model of proteins (1981). The contribution of Jane Richardson. In: Journal of Biosciences. Band 36, Nummer 4, September 2011, S. 571–574, PMID 21857104. PDF.
  5. P. D. Sun, C. E. Foster, J. C. Boyington: Overview of protein structural and functional folds. In: Current protocols in protein science / editorial board, John E. Coligan ... [et al.]. Chapter 17, Mai 2004, S. Unit 17.1, doi:10.1002/0471140864.ps1701s35. PMID 18429251.
  6. Mike Carson, Charles E Bugg: Algorithm for ribbon models of proteins. In: Journal of Molecular Graphics. 4, 1986, S. 121–122, doi:10.1016/0263-7855(86)80010-8.
  7. P. J. Kraulis: MOLSCRIPT: a program to produce both detailed and schematic plots of protein structures. In: Journal of Applied Crystallography. 24, S. 946, doi:10.1107/S0021889891004399.
  8. A. Herráez: Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue. In: Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Band 34, Nummer 4, Juli 2006, S. 255–261, doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644, PMID 21638687.
  9. M. U. Johansson, V. Zoete, O. Michielin, N. Guex: Defining and searching for structural motifs using DeepView/Swiss-PdbViewer. In: BMC Bioinformatics. Band 13, 2012, S. 173, doi:10.1186/1471-2105-13-173, PMID 22823337, PMC 3436773 (freier Volltext).
  10. R. Koradi, M. Billeter, K. Wüthrich: MOLMOL: a program for display and analysis of macromolecular structures. In: Journal of molecular graphics. Band 14, Nummer 1, Februar 1996, S. 51–5, 29, PMID 8744573.
  11. V. B. Chen, I. W. Davis, D. C. Richardson: KING (Kinemage, Next Generation): a versatile interactive molecular and scientific visualization program. In: Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society. Band 18, Nummer 11, November 2009, S. 2403–2409, doi:10.1002/pro.250, PMID 19768809, PMC 2788294 (freier Volltext).
  12. T. D. Goddard, C. C. Huang, T. E. Ferrin: Software extensions to UCSF chimera for interactive visualization of large molecular assemblies. In: Structure (London, England : 1993). Band 13, Nummer 3, März 2005, S. 473–482, doi:10.1016/j.str.2005.01.006, PMID 15766548.
  13. A. T. Brunger, J. A. Wells: Warren L. DeLano 21 June 1972-3 November 2009. In: Nature structural & molecular biology. Band 16, Nummer 12, Dezember 2009, S. 1202–1203, doi:10.1038/nsmb1209-1202, PMID 19956203.

Read other articles:

Ateng Yogasara Komandan Pussenart ke-6 Informasi pribadiLahir4 Desember 1925 (umur 98)Slahung, Ponorogo, IndonesiaAlma materMA Tangerang (1946)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang TNI Angkatan DaratMasa dinas1945-1981Pangkat Mayor Jenderal TNISatuanArtileriSunting kotak info • L • B Mayor Jenderal TNI (Purn.) Ateng Yogasara, (lahir 4 Desember 1925) adalah purnawirawan perwira tinggi TNI Angkatan Darat dan mantan Komandan Pusat Kesenjataan Artileri ke-6 yang m...

 

This article is about the history of tropical cyclone naming. For the current and future tropical cyclone lists, see Tropical cyclone naming. For previously used names, see List of historical tropical cyclone names. Part of a series onTropical cyclones Structure Central dense overcast Development Eye Effects By Region Warnings and watches Storm surge Preparedness Response Climatology and tracking Basins Climate change effects RSMCs Scales Observation Forecasting Rainfall forecasting Rainfall...

 

Medical conditionStatus epilepticusGeneralized 3 Hz spike-and-wave discharges on an electroencephalogramSpecialtyEmergency medicine, neurologySymptomsRegular pattern of contraction and extension of the arms and legs, movement of one part of the body, unresponsive[1]Duration>5 minutes[1]Risk factorsEpilepsy, underlying problem with the brain[2]Diagnostic methodBlood sugar, imaging of the head, blood tests, electroencephalogram[1]Differential diagnosisPsy...

George W. Bush mengadakan konferensi video di Offutt Air Force Base 07FB 2440 Konferensi video (Inggris: videoconference) adalah seperangkat teknologi telekomunikasi interaktif yang memungkinkankan dua pihak atau lebih di lokasi berbeda dapat berinteraksi melalui pengiriman dua arah audio dan video secara bersamaan. Videoconference pertama pada tahun 1968 Sejarah Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi membawa perubahan pada proses penyampaian informasi. Bentuk informasi yang disampaikan tidak hany...

 

1994 French filmLa Cité de la PeurTheatrical posterDirected byAlain BerbérianWritten byAlain ChabatDominique FarrugiaChantal LaubyProduced byCharles GassotStarringChantal LaubyAlain ChabatDominique FarrugiaGérard DarmonCinematographyLaurent DaillandEdited byVéronique ParnetMusic byPhilippe ChanyProductioncompaniesM6 Films[1]Telema[1]Le Studio Canal+[1]France 3 Cinéma[1]Distributed byAMLF[1]Release date 9 March 1994 (1994-03-09) (...

 

Voce principale: Sport- und Schwimmverein Jahn 2000 Regensburg. Sport- und Schwimmverein Jahn 2000 RegensburgStagione 2008-2009Sport calcio Squadra Jahn Ratisbona Allenatore Thomas Kristl (1ª-16ª) Markus Weinzierl (17ª-38ª) All. in seconda Dennis Grassow 3. Liga15º posto Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Bambara, Zellner (37)Totale: Bambara, Zellner (37) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Stoilov (7)Totale: Stoilov (7) StadioJahnstadion Maggior numero di spettatori6 200 vs. Bayern Monaco...

1967 novel by Philip K. Dick This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Ganymede Takeover – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Ganymede Takeover Cover of first edition (paperback)AuthorPhilip K. Dick and Ray NelsonCover...

 

Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat White House (disambiguasi). Balai Pemerintahan Federasi RusiaДом Правительства Российской ФедерацииGadung pada Mei 2018Informasi umumJenisParlemenKotaMoskwaNegaraRusiaMulai dibangun1965Rampung1981Desain dan konstruksiArsitekDmitry Chechulin, Pavel Shteller Gedung Putih (bahasa Rusia: Белый дом, tr. Bely dom; IPA: [ˈbʲɛlɨj ˈdom]; nama resmi: Balai Pemerintahan Federasi Rusia, bahasa Rusia: Дом Прави...

 

Questa voce sull'argomento allenatori di pallacanestro israeliani è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Muli Katzurin Nazionalità  Israele Altezza 192 cm Pallacanestro Ruolo Allenatore Termine carriera 2015 CarrieraCarriera da allenatore 1978-1979 Hapoel Tel Aviv(vice)1979-1981 Mac. Ramat Gan(vice)1981-1982 Beitar Tel Aviv(vice)1982-1984Maccabi South Tel Aviv1984-1985 Mac. Ramat Gan1985-1987 Hapoel Holon1987-19...

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています(詳細)。 数字の大字(だいじ)は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字(小字)の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券(「壱」が大字) 弐千円日本銀行券(「弐」が大字) 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

2022年肯塔基州聯邦參議員選舉 ← 2016年 2022年11月8日 (2022-11-08) 2028年 →   获提名人 蘭德·保羅 查爾斯·布克 政党 共和黨 民主党 民選得票 913,326 564,311 得票率 61.8% 38.2% 各縣結果保羅:     50–60%     60–70%     70–80%     80–90%布克:     50–60%     60–70% 选前聯邦參議...

 

American college basketball season 2004–05 Milwaukee Panthers men's basketballHorizon League Regular season and tournament championsNCAA tournament, Sweet SixteenConferenceHorizon LeagueRankingCoachesNo. 23Record26–6 (14–2 Horizon)Head coachBruce Pearl (4th season)Home arenaU.S. Cellular ArenaKlotsche CenterSeasons← 2003–042005–06 → 2004–05 Horizon League men's basketball standings vte Conf Overall Team W   L   PCT W   L   P...

 本表是動態列表,或許永遠不會完結。歡迎您參考可靠來源來查漏補缺。 潛伏於中華民國國軍中的中共間諜列表收錄根據公開資料來源,曾潛伏於中華民國國軍、被中國共產黨聲稱或承認,或者遭中華民國政府調查審判,為中華人民共和國和中國人民解放軍進行間諜行為的人物。以下列表以現今可查知時間為準,正確的間諜活動或洩漏機密時間可能早於或晚於以下所歸�...

 

Questa voce sull'argomento Palermo è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Villagrazia-FalsomieleStato Italia Regione Sicilia Provincia Palermo Città Palermo CircoscrizioneIII Data istituzione21 dicembre 1976 Codice13 Codice postale90124, 90125, 90126, 90131, 90134, 90135 e 90142 Abitanti40 775 ab. Mappa dei quartieri di {{{comuneMappa}}} Villagrazia-Falsomiele è il tredicesimo...

 

Large-sized cars produced by American Motors Corporation Motor vehicle AMC Ambassador1964 Rambler Ambassador 990-HOverviewManufacturerAmerican Motors Corporation (AMC)Also calledAmbassador by RamblerAmerican Motors Ambassador[1]Rambler AmbassadorIKA AmbassadorProduction1957–1974Model years1958–1974AssemblyKenosha Factory, Kenosha, Wisconsin, U.S.Australia (AMI)[2]Córdoba, Argentina (IKA)Costa Rica (ECASA)[3]Monterrey, Mexico (Planta REO)Body and chassisC...

Scottish footballer (born 1989) Jane Ross Ross playing for West Ham in August 2018Personal informationFull name Jane Celestina Ross[1]Date of birth (1989-09-18) 18 September 1989 (age 34)Place of birth Rothesay, Scotland[2]Height 5 ft 5 in (1.65 m)[1]Position(s) StrikerTeam informationCurrent team RangersYouth career Paisley Saints LadiesSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2002–2006 Paisley Saints Ladies 2006–2012 Glasgow City 118 (104)2013–201...

 

2000 election in Washington state Washington secretary of state election, 2000 ← 1996 November 7, 2000 2004 →   Nominee Sam Reed Don Bonker Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 1,073,911 1,063,689 Percentage 47.1% 46.6% Secretary of State before election Ralph Munro Republican Elected Secretary of State Sam Reed Republican The Washington secretary of state election, 2000, took place on November 7, 1992. Republican Sam Reed was elected to succeed incumbent R...

 

Aerial photography by pigeons Pigeon camera redirects here. For the song by the band The Tragically Hip, see Fully Completely. Pigeon with German miniature camera, probably during the First World War Pigeon photography is an aerial photography technique invented in 1907 by the German apothecary Julius Neubronner, who also used pigeons to deliver medications. A homing pigeon was fitted with an aluminium breast harness to which a lightweight time-delayed miniature camera could be attached. Neub...

U.S. naval aviation school TOPGUN redirects here. For other uses, see Top Gun (disambiguation). SFTI redirects here. For protein, see Sunflower trypsin inhibitor. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by ...

 

Éphémérides Octobre 1er 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31         19 septembre 19 novembre Chronologies thématiques Croisades Ferroviaires Sports Disney Anarchisme Catholicisme Abréviations / Voir aussi (° 1852) = né en 1852 († 1885) = mort en 1885 a.s. = calendrier julien n.s. = calendrier grégorien Calendrier Calendrier perpétuel Liste de calendriers Naissances du jour modifier Pour les articles homonymes, voir ...