Burg Neuhausen (Valtaiķu pils)

Koordinaten: 56° 41′ 48″ N, 21° 46′ 40″ O

Reliefkarte: Lettland
marker
Burg Neuhausen (Valtaiķu pils)​

Burg Neuhausen (lettisch Valtaiķu pils, lateinisch castrum Novum, dänisch: Nyenhuss, deutsch auch: Walteten[1]) war eine Burg des Livländischen Ordens, später eine Burg des Bistums Kurland. Die Burg war Teil einer Burgenkette von Burg Hasenpoth bis Burg Amboten. Bis heute sind nur das Fundament des Schlosses und bis zu 7–10 Meter hohe Steinbruchstücke erhalten.

Geschichte

Die Burg wurde zur Sicherung der Hauptstraße zwischen Hasenpoth und Mitau angelegt. Die Burg wird im Jahre 1338 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt und war Pflegeramt der Komturei Goldingen.[2]

Die Burg wurde Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts vom Livländischen Orden besetzt, aber 1392 dem Bistum abgetreten.[1] Der Bischof übertrug im Gegenzug dem Orden sein Drittel an Stadt und Gebiet Memel.[3] Im Jahr 1421 wird die neue Bischofsburg erwähnt, die 1508 Nygenhusze hieß.[4]

Im Jahr 1559 kaufte Friedrich II. von Dänemark dem kurländischen Mitbischof Ulrich Bär die Rechte des kurländischen Bischofs zu Gunsten Friedrichs jüngeren Bruders Magnus. Während dieser Zeit wurde die Burg als „Niehus“ (1561) und „Neygenhaus“ (1568) erwähnt. Nach dem Tod von Magnus kam es durch die Ansprüche Dänemarks und Polens-Litauens an die kurländische Diözese zu einem heftigen Kleinkrieg, wobei Amboten und Neuhausen von Polen besetzt wurden.

Im Jahr 1617 kam das Bistum Kurland unter die Herrschaft von Polen-Litauen und Burg Hasenpoth wurde zum Verwaltungszentrum.

Beschreibung

Die Burg war 10–15 Meter hoch und lag am rechten Ufer des Vaipa-Flusses, was den Zugang von Süden her erschwerte. Neuhausen war ein für Kurland typisches Lagerkastell von 61 m im Geviert. Vor der Südostmauer sind Reste einer Hofmauer und Kellersenkungen erhalten. Wie alle kurländischen Lagerkastelle war auch Neuhausen ein einfacher, hauptsächlich in Feldstein ausgeführter Zweckbau.[2]

Nachweise

  1. ↑ a b Karl Woldemar von Löwis of Menar: Burgenlexikon für Alt-Livland. Walters und Rapa, Riga 1922, S. 86 (Digitalisat).
  2. ↑ a b Armin Tuulse: Die Burgen in Estland und Lettland (= Verhandlungen der Gelehrten Estnischen Gesellschaft. Band 33). Dorpater Estnischer Verlag, 1942, S. 232–233 (Volltext [PDF]).
  3. ↑ Veröffentlichungen der niedersächsischen Archivverwaltung. Band 21-22. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1966, S. 3 ([1]).
  4. ↑ https://www.herder-institut.de/digitale-angebote/kurlaendische-gueterurkunden.html?lang=de&suchstring 1=erg0332#jump

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