Bromaceton

Strukturformel
Strukturformel von Bromaceton
Allgemeines
Name Bromaceton
Andere Namen
  • Weißkreuz
  • B-Stoff
  • Martonite
  • 1-Brompropan-2-on
Summenformel C3H5BrO
Externe Identifikatoren/Datenbanken
CAS-Nummer 598-31-2
EG-Nummer 209-928-2
ECHA-InfoCard 100.009.027
PubChem 11715
Wikidata Q421365
Eigenschaften
Molare Masse 136,97 g·mol−1
Aggregatzustand

flüssig

Dichte

1,63 g·cm−3[1]

Schmelzpunkt

−54 °C[1]

Siedepunkt

136,5 °C[1]

Dampfdruck

12 hPa (20 °C)[1]

Löslichkeit

sehr schwer in Wasser[1]

Brechungsindex

1,4697 (15 °C)[2]

Sicherheitshinweise
GHS-Gefahrstoffkennzeichnung[1]
Gefahrensymbol Gefahrensymbol

Gefahr

H- und P-Sätze H: 226​‐​330​‐​315​‐​319​‐​335
P: 210​‐​260​‐​280​‐​302+352​‐​304+340+310​‐​305+351+338[1]
Soweit möglich und gebräuchlich, werden SI-Einheiten verwendet.
Wenn nicht anders vermerkt, gelten die angegebenen Daten bei Standardbedingungen (0 °C, 1000 hPa). Brechungsindex: Na-D-Linie, 20 °C

Bromaceton ist eine farblose, stechend riechende Flüssigkeit, die früher als Augenreizstoff in Tränengasen verwendet wurde.[3] In dieser Funktion wurde es zunächst zeitweise durch ω-Chloracetophenon (CN) abgelöst, heute wird dies weitgehend durch 2-Chlorbenzyliden-malonsäuredinitril (CS) ersetzt.

Geschichte

Brom- und Chloraceton gehörten zu den ersten im Krieg eingesetzten Kampfstoffen. Im Ersten Weltkrieg wurden sie unter Bezeichnung Weißkreuz vom Deutschen Heer eingesetzt. Auch heute noch finden sie zum Teil bei der Polizei als Tränengas Verwendung.

Herstellung

Die Herstellung von Bromaceton ist sehr einfach: Brom und Aceton reagieren bereits bei Zimmertemperatur unter Selbsterhitzung zu Bromaceton und Bromwasserstoff. Das aufkochende Aceton wirkt als Treibsatz für das Tränengas.

Herstellung von Bromaceton aus Aceton und Brom
Herstellung von Bromaceton aus Aceton und Brom

Eigenschaften

Bromaceton greift in erster Linie die Augen, aber auch die oberen Schleimhäute (Nase und Rachen) an. Die Symptome treten sofort auf und verschwinden nach Ende der Einwirkung schnell wieder.

α-Halogencarbonylverbindungen wirken korrosiv auf Metalle (Eisen, Messing).

Siehe auch

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e f g Eintrag zu Bromaceton in der GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank des IFA, abgerufen am 19. August 2024. (JavaScript erforderlich)
  2. David R. Lide (Hrsg.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 90. Auflage. (Internet-Version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, S. 3-56.
  3. Wolfgang Legrum: Riechstoffe, zwischen Gestank und Duft, Vieweg + Teubner Verlag (2011) S. 74–75, ISBN 978-3-8348-1245-2.

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