Bewegung für eine Neue Kultur

Die Neue-Kultur-Bewegung (chinesisch 新文化運動 / 新文化运动, Pinyin Xīn Wénhuà Yùndòng) war eine soziale Bewegung in der Republik China der 1910er und 1920er Jahre mit dem Ziel der Schaffung einer neuen auf globalen und westlichen Standards wie Demokratie und Wissenschaftlichkeit basierenden Kultur.

Die Bewegung für eine Neue Kultur entwickelte sich im Zusammenhang mit der Desillusionierung über die traditionelle chinesische Kultur und infolge der Enttäuschung über die Fehlentwicklungen in der 1912 gegründeten chinesischen Republik. Hauptvertreter der Bewegung wie Chen Duxiu, Cai Yuanpei, Li Dazhao, Lu Xun und Hu Shi hatten eine klassisch-konfuzianische Ausbildung genossen, sahen in dieser aber ein Haupthindernis für die als notwendig erachtete Modernisierung Chinas.

Sie setzten sich ein für:

  • die Revision antiker Klassiker mit Hilfe moderner textueller und kritischer Methoden
  • die Schaffung mundartlicher Literatur
  • die Abschaffung konfuzianisch-patriarchaler Familienstrukturen, individuelle Befreiung und die Emanzipation der Frau
  • die Anerkennung der Tatsache, dass China lediglich eine Nation unter vielen sei und nicht das in alle Himmelsrichtungen ausstrahlende Zentrum aller Zivilisation
  • demokratische und egalitäre Werte
  • im Denken eine generelle Orientierung an der Zukunft statt an der Vergangenheit

Die politischen Aspekte der Bewegung kristallisierten sich ab 1919 in der Bewegung des Vierten Mai.

Literatur

  • Guy S. Alitto: The Last Confucian. Liang Shu-Ming and the Chinese Dilemma of Modernity. University of California Press, Berkeley CA 1979, ISBN 0-520-03123-7.
  • Jerome B. Grieder: Hu Shih and the Chinese Renaissance. Liberalism in the Chinese Revolution, 1917–1937 (= Harvard East Asian Series. Vol. 46). Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA 1970, ISBN 0-674-41250-8.
  • Leo Ou-fan Lee: Voices from the Iron House. A Study of Lu Xun. Indiana University Press, Bloomington IN u. a. 1987, ISBN 0-253-36263-6.
  • Rana Mitter: A Bitter Revolution. China's Struggle with the Modern World. Oxford University Press, Oxford u. a. 2004, ISBN 0-19-280605-X.
  • Vera Schwarcz: The Chinese Enlightenment. Intellectuals and the Legacy of the May Fourth Movement of 1919. University of California Press, Berkeley CA 1986, ISBN 0-520-05027-4.
  • Edmund S.K. Fung: The Intellectual Foundations of Chinese Modernity Cultural and Political Thought in the Republican Era. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010. ISBN 978-0-521-19511-9.

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