Annapurna IV

Annapurna IV

Annapurna IV von Süden

Höhe 7525 m
Lage Distrikte Kaski und Manang in Nepal
Gebirge Annapurna Himal (Himalaya)
Dominanz 3,81 km → Annapurna II
Schartenhöhe 205 m ↓ (7320 m)
Koordinaten 28° 32′ 15″ N, 84° 4′ 58″ OKoordinaten: 28° 32′ 15″ N, 84° 4′ 58″ O
Annapurna IV (Gandaki)
Annapurna IV (Gandaki)
Erstbesteigung 30. Mai 1955 durch Harald Biller, Heinz Steinmetz und Jürgen Wellenkamp

Annapurna IV (links) und Annapurna II (rechts)

Die Annapurna IV ist ein 7525 m hoher Gipfel in der Gebirgsgruppe Annapurna Himal im Himalaya in Nepal.

Der Gipfel befindet sich auf einem Bergkamm, der die 3,81 km weiter östlich gelegene 7937 m hohen Annapurna II mit der Annapurna III (7555 m) im Westen verbindet. Weiter westlich erhebt sich der Hauptgipfel des Massivs, die 8091 m hohe Annapurna I. Das Quellgebiet des Seti Gandaki befindet sich an der Westflanke der Annapurna IV. Auf der gegenüber gelegenen Seite der Schlucht erhebt sich der Machapuchare.

Felssturz 1190

Um das Jahr 1190 stürzten von einem Gipfel des Annapurna-Massivs demnach mehr als 23 Kubikkilometer Gestein talwärts – also über 23 Milliarden Kubikmeter. Damit verlor der Gipfel Annapurna IV, damals vermutlich etwa 8100 Meter hoch, rund 600 Meter Höhe. Mit einem Volumen von 23,5 Kubikkilometer sei es der bislang größte bekannte Erdrutsch im Himalaya.[1]

Felssturz 2012

Bei einem Felssturz am 5. Mai 2012 fielen große Mengen Gestein (geschätzt 32 Millionen m³) aus ca. 7000 m Höhe in 2 Schritten über 4000 m in die Tiefe und lösten eine Flutwelle aus. Diese zerstörte das Dorf Kharapani, es starben 72 Menschen.[2][3][4][5][6] Der Pilot eines Besichtigungs-Rundfluges filmte den Felssturz.[7]

Besteigungsgeschichte

Anfang der 1950er Jahre gab es mehrere Besteigungsversuche.[8] 1950 erreichte eine Expedition unter der Führung von Bill Tilman eine Höhe von etwa 7315 m.[9] 1952 versuchte sich eine japanische Bergsteigergruppe an der Annapurna IV und erreichte eine Höhe von zirka 5791 m.[9]

Die Erstbesteigung gelang schließlich einer deutschen Expedition unter der Leitung von Heinz Steinmetz im Jahr 1955.[9] Am 30. Mai 1955 erreichten die deutschen Alpinisten Heinz Steinmetz, Harald Biller und Jürgen Wellenkamp den Gipfel.[8][9] Sie wählten dieselbe Aufstiegsroute wie Tilman fünf Jahre zuvor, die so genannte „Tilman-Route“.[9] Diese führt von Norden her das Flusstal des Sobje Khola hinauf und über den Westgrat zum Gipfel.[8] Weitere Teilnehmer der Expedition waren Manfred Bachmann und Fritz Lobbichler.[9]

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ Himalaja: Wie ein Achttausender einst 600 Meter Höhe verlor. In: Der Spiegel. 7. Juli 2023, ISSN 2195-1349 (spiegel.de [abgerufen am 9. Juli 2023]).
  2. ↑ Deadly Nepal flood due to 'small rockslide' auf phys.org, 13. November 2012, abgerufen am 25. Februar 2022.
  3. ↑ Landslide and Deadly Flood in Nepal. Auf: nasa.gov, 24. Mai 2012, abgerufen am 25. Februar 2022.
  4. ↑ David Petley, Colin Stark: Understanding the Seti River landslide in Nepal. In: blogs.agu.org, 23. Mai 2012, abgerufen am 25. Februar 2022.
  5. ↑ Hidetomi Oi, Daisuke Higaki, Hiroshi Yagi, Nobuhiro Usuki, Kousuke Yoshino: Report of the investigation of the flood disaster that occurred on May 5, 2012 along the Seti River in Nepal. International Journal of Erosion Control Engineering Vol. 7, No. 4, 2014, S. 111–117 (PDF 1,4 MB)
  6. ↑ Poudel, K. R., & Hamal, R. (2021). Assessment of Natural Hazard in the Himalayas: A Case Study of the Seti River Flash Flood 2012. Prithvi Journal of Research and Innovation, 3(1), 12–25. doi:10.3126/pjri.v3i1.37432 (PDF 2,1 MB)
  7. ↑ https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2012/05/12/more-information-on-the-landslide-that-caused-the-seti-flood-in-nepal/
  8. ↑ a b c Alpine Club Library - Himalayan Index
  9. ↑ a b c d e f AAJ, 1956: Asia, Nepal, Annapurna IV
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