Ammonoxidation

Diagramm aus 1931 mit dem Andrussow-Verfahren

Die Ammonoxidation ist ein chemisches Verfahren, mit dem aus organischen Verbindungen mit Methylgruppen durch gleichzeitige Reaktion mit Ammoniak und Sauerstoff die entsprechenden Nitrile hergestellt werden.[1]

Verfahrensbeschreibung

Bei der Ammonoxidation handelt es sich um eine Gasphasenreaktion, welche meist bei Temperaturen oberhalb von 300 °C durchgeführt wird. Hierzu werden oft metallische Katalysatoren, beispielsweise Platin, benötigt.

Die allgemeine Reaktionsgleichung lautet:


Beispiele

Industriell bedeutende Ammonoxidationen sind das Sohio-Verfahren, welches der Herstellung von Acrylnitril aus Propen dient, sowie das Andrussow-Verfahren, mit welchem Blausäure aus Methan gewonnen wird. Ferner besitzt die Herstellung von Phthalonitril aus o-Xylol industrielle Bedeutung.


Andrussow-Verfahren[2]

Sohio-Verfahren[3]

Quellen

  1. ↑ Eintrag zu Ammonoxidation. In: Römpp Online. Georg Thieme Verlag, abgerufen am 29. Mai 2014.
  2. ↑ Überführung chemischer Prozesse aus dem Labor- in den Produktionsmaßstab (Memento vom 23. Januar 2014 im Internet Archive) Vorlesung Technische Chemie, Uni Frankfurt (PDF; 1,2 MB).
  3. ↑ Industrial Organic Chemistry, Klaus Weissermel, Hans-Jürgen Arpe, John Wiley & Sons, 3. Auflage 1997, ISBN 3-527-28838-4.

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