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Adipokine

Adipokine (oder Adipozytokine) sind eine Gruppe endokrin aktiver Proteine aus dem Fettgewebe, wie Cytokine oder Peptidhormone. Das erste Adipokin wurde 1994 entdeckt: Leptin.[1] Seitdem wurden über hundert Adipokine beschrieben.[2] Beispiele für Adipokine sind neben Leptin Adiponectin, Apelin,[3] Chemerin,[4] Interleukin-6 (IL-6),[5] monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1),[6] Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), TNF-α, Visfatin, Omentin, Vaspin, Progranulin, CTRP-4.

Adipokine besitzen entzündungsfördernde oder -hemmende Eigenschaften und verbinden den Stoffwechsel mit dem Immunsystem.[7] Bei Hunger nehmen entzündungshemmende Adipokine zu und entzündungsfördernde ab, bei Gewichtszunahme umgekehrt.[7]

Entzündungsfördernde Adipokine sind an der Entstehung von Diabetes mellitus Typ II, Arteriosklerose und Bluthochdruck beteiligt.[8][9]

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ J. Conde, M. Scotece, R. Gómez, V. López, J. J. Gómez-Reino, F. Lago, O. Gualillo: Adipokines: biofactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity. In: BIOFACTORS. Band 37, Nr. 6, 2011, S. 413–420, doi:10.1002/biof.185, PMID 22038756.
  2. ↑ S. Lehr, S. Hartwig, H. Sell: Adipokines: a treasure trove for the discovery of biomarkers for metabolic disorders. In: Proteomics Clinical Applications. Band 6, Nr. 1–2, 2012, S. 91–101, doi:10.1002/prca.201100052, PMID 22213627.
  3. ↑ L. Guo, Q. Li, W. Wang, P. Yu, H. Pan, P. Li, Y. Sun, J. Zhang: Apelin Inhibits Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells by Activation of PI3-Kinase-Phosphodiesterase 3B. In: Endocr Res. 34(4), 2009, S. 142–154.
  4. ↑ Ormond A. MacDougald, Charles F. Burant: The Rapidly Expanding Family of Adipokines. In: Cell Metabolism. 6, September 2007, S. 159–161.
  5. ↑ Lais U. Monzillo: Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance. In: Obesity Research. 11(9) 2003, S. 1048–1054.
  6. ↑ T. Christiansen, B. Richelsen, J. M. Bruun: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects. In: International Journal of Obesity. 29 2005, S. 146–150.
  7. ↑ a b P. Mancuso: The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation. In: ImmunoTargets and therapy. Band 5, 2016, S. 47–56, doi:10.2147/ITT.S73223. PMID 27529061, PMC 4970637 (freier Volltext)
  8. ↑ L. C. Freitas Lima, V. A. Braga, M. do Socorro de França Silva, J. C. Cruz, S. H. Sousa Santos, M. M. de Oliveira Monteiro, C. M. Balarini: Adipokines, diabetes and atherosclerosis: an inflammatory association. In: Frontiers in physiology. Band 6, 2015, S. 304, doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00304. PMID 26578976, PMC 4630286 (freier Volltext).
  9. ↑ Y. Deng, P. E. Scherer: Adipokines as novel biomarkers and regulators of the metabolic syndrome. In: Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Band 1212, November 2010, S. E1–E19, doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05875.x. PMID 21276002, PMC 3075414 (freier Volltext).

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