William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe; bɛ daa dɔɣi o la silimin gɔli August biɛɣu pia ni awei dali, yuuni 1946 puuni) o nyɛla America lawyer ni siyaasa nira Ŋun n daa nyɛ ŋun pahi 42nd president of the United States bin din gbaai yuuni 1993 hali ni yuuni 2001 la puuni. O daa bela Democratic Party puuni amaa pɔi ni dina, o daa na nyɛla tingbani zuɣulana n-ti Arkansas bin din gbaai yuuni 1979 hali ni yuuni 1981 ni, ka daa lahi zaŋ tuɣi yuuni 1983 la ni hali ni yuuni 1992 puuni. Clinton daa malila niiya ni o nyɛ zaashee siyaasatali puuni "Third Way" political philosophy, ka o daa ti n lɛbi sokam ni mi so ni New Democrat la.

Bɛ daa dɔɣi ka wumsi Clinton la Arkansas. O ni daa n naai Georgetown University 1968 yuuni la puuni o daa tuɣimi n chaŋ Yale Law School, luɣ'shɛli o ni daa n nya o paɣa Hillary Rodham la. O ni daa n lahi naai law shukuru maa, Clinton daa labila Arkansas tingbani ni ka daa ti di bɛ piibu piibu n lɛbi bɛ ni boli so ni state attorney general dinbɔŋɔ nyaaŋa o daa lahi dila Arkansas tingbani zuɣulana buyi zaa. O daa zaŋla o namkuɣu maa n duhi bɛ tiŋa maa ni shikuru duu bɔhimbu ni wuhibu zuɣusaa ka daa n lɛbi chairman n-ti laɣingu shɛli bɛ ni boli ni National Governors Association la. Bɛ daa piila Clinton tingbani zuɣulana la yuuni 1992 election la puuni ka daa n che bɛ tingbani zuɣulana kuro ŋun daa nyɛ Republican Party la tingbani zuɣulana George H. W. Bush n ti tabili daabi'kuro ŋun yuli daa booni Ross Perot la. Ŋuna n daa nyɛ tuuli tingbani zuɣulana so bɛ daa dɔɣi bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Baby Boomer la yuma puuni.

Clinton daa nyɛla ŋun daa yuui o namkuɣu maa ni pam ni lɛbigimsim mini suhudoo America taarihi puuni. O daa nyɛla ŋun gɔri o nuu ka di daa wuhi ni o saɣi n ti bɛ ni boli shɛŋa ni North American Free Trade Agreement mini Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act nima la mara amaa ka daa bi ti laɣingu shɛli bɛ ni boli ni national health care reform la din soli. Yuuni 1990s la pirigili (sunsuuni) piligu ni o haŋkali zaŋ kpa siyaasatali polo daa maan n pahimi hali ka o daa n ti lahi n ka saha n ti o maŋmaŋa naɣila laɣinsi shɛŋa bɛ ni boli ni Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, State Children's Health Insurance Program n ti tabili so'chibisi shɛŋa din yɛn n doli ka biɛhigu niŋ soochi nima la gbana gɔribu mini di tabi sɔŋsi puuni ka o daa kpalim n be. O daa piila Ruth Bader Ginsburg mini Stephen Breyer n-niŋ bɛ ni boli shɛli ni U.S. Supreme Court la puuni. Tinduya mara puuni, Clinton daa tila U.S. soojanima soli Bosnian mini Kosovo wars puuni ka daa bahi n gɔri n-ti bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Dayton Peace agreement la. O daa lahi n ti soli ka bɛ ni boli shɛli ni expansion of NATO din daa be Eastern Europe la daa niŋ ka Warsaw Pact niriba la pam daa yina n kpe lala NATO maa o namkuɣu maa saha puuni. Clinton tinduya hankali parisi Middle East puuni daa ti che mi ka o gɔri bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Iraq Liberation Act la ka di daa n sɔŋ ka taɣi laɣinsi pam zaŋ kpa Saddam Hussein polo. O daa lahi n pahila ban daa n be Oslo I Accord mini Camp David Summit la nima puuni ni bɛ che ka bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Israeli–Palestinian peace process la niŋ n chaŋ tooni, ka daa n lahi n sɔŋ bɛ boli shɛba ni Northern Ireland peace process nima la gba.

Bɛ ni daa n labi n niŋ bɛ piibu piibu yuuni 1996 election la ni, Clinton n daa lahi n di ŋun daa zani n ti Republica nima ka o yuli daa booni Bob Dole la mini Reform Party nima la gba ni daa n pii so ka o yuli daa booni Perot la ka daa lan n lɛbi o tingbani zuɣulana yaha. O namkuɣu din daa n pahiri ayi maa ni din daa kuli nyɛla Clinton–Lewinsky scandal yɛltɔɣa din daa n pili 1995 yuuni la saha shɛli o ni daa zaŋ White House la ni Monica Lewinsky ŋun daa n nya o yum'pishi ni ayi lala saha maa ni n doni la yɛltɔɣa noli. Silimin gɔli January yuuni 1998 puuni lala yɛltɔɣa maa n daa n deei pɔhim zuɣu zaa yɛltɔɣa kpani.^[1] Lala nyaa'zɔbu maa daa kuli n nabirigirimi hali ni yuuni maa bahigu ka daa n ti che silimin gɔli December ni saha shɛli bɛ ni boli Clinton was impeached ka di nyɛla bɛ mi boli shɛba ni House of Representatives nima la kɔbili ni ka lɛbi tuuli tingbani zuɣulana so bɛ ni daa n duhi kootu Andrew Johnson nyaaŋa. Gbaŋ'shɛŋa House maa ni daa n sabi zaŋ kpa o yɛli maa polo maa daa nyɛla din gili perjury ni Clinton ni daa n mali o namkuɣu maa n tumdi pɔhim pɔhim shɛm. 1999 yuuni la ni lala Clinton's impeachment trial maa daa pilila Senate puuni ka di daa ti n yina n wuhiri ni o ka hali'shɛŋa zaa bɛ bi daa n kali maa ni. Clinton namkuɣu maa yuma ata bahigu maa ni bɛ ni boli shɛba ni Congressional Budget Office nima la daa yina n ti yɛli ni bɛ nyala bɛ ni boli shɛli ni budget surplus la— din n daa na nyɛ tuuli ka bɛ wum yuuni 1969 la saha la ha.

Yuuni 2001 la ni ka Clinton daa yi namkuɣu maa puuni ka daa nyɛ ŋun zali yuli tingbani zuɣulananima kuɣu puuni ni. O tingbani zuɣulantali n du U.S. tingbani zuɣulanima zaa ni. Tɔ amaa o biɛhigu ni o biɛhi'yoli shɛŋa ni daa n gbubi maa daa che mi ka bɛ vihiri o pam. O namkuɣu maa ni yibu nyaaŋa, Clinton daa kpalim n diri feelanima la salonima puuni ni ninsalitali tuma nima ni. O kpala bɛ ni boli shɛli ni He created the Clinton Foundation la ni di sɔŋ n gu ka taɣi barinanima mini dɔriti kamani HIV/AIDS mini global warming nima la taɣibu. 2009 yuuni la puuni, bɛ daa pa o la yuli n boli o ni the United Nations special envoy to Haiti. Yuuni 2010 Haiti earthquake la nyaaŋa, Clinton daa yina mi n ti kpa bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Clinton Bush Haiti Fund la din daa nyɛ o mini George W. Bush ni Barack Obama nima ni daa n laɣim n kpa shɛli. O daa ti kpalim la Democratic Party siyaasatali puuni n bɔri niriba n tiri o paɣa yuuni 2008 mini bɛ ni boli shɛli ni yuuni 2016 presidential campaigns la puuni.

Bɛ ni n dɔɣi Clinton silimin gɔli August biɛɣu pia ni awei dali yuuni 1946 puuni la William Jefferson Blythe III n daa nyɛ o suuna yuli. Julia Chester Hospital din be Hope, Arkansas la ni ka bɛ daa n dɔɣi o.^[2] O ba n daa nyɛ William Jefferson Blythe Jr., daabi'so ŋun daa n kɔŋ o nyavuli din daa n niŋ ka sarati daa n paai ba bɛ daa loori puuni la chira ata nyaaŋa pɔi ka o ma Virginia Dell Cassidy (bɛ ni daa n booni so ni Virginia Kelley la) daa naain n dɔɣi o.^[3] Blythe daa na bi kpi o ni daa nya lala sarati maa naɣila o ni daa n ti lu biliga puuni ka kom gbiri o la ni ka o daa n kani. Silimin gɔli September dabaa anahi dali, yuuni 1943 puuni ka o ba mini o ma daa niŋ taba amiliya amaa lala bɛ amiliya maa daa nyɛla din bi lɔ n tam kanli zuɣu dominchi Blythe daa bi n zaɣisi o paɣa ŋun daa n pahiri anahi la.^[4] Virginia ni daa n dɔɣi Bill n naai o daa gɔmi n chaŋ New Orleans tingbani ni ni o ti bɔhim nursing ka daa n che Bill Hope ka o daa be o ba ni o ma, Eldridge mini Edith Cassidy ban daa n mali nakohiduu la sani.^[5] Saha shɛli southern United States nima la ni daa n pili bala gaŋbu la ni ka Clinton yab'doo mini o yab'paɣa gba daa pili bɛ nema kɔhibu sama n-tiri bala kam puuni niriba.^{[5][6][7][8][9]} Yuuni 1950 la puuni ka Bill ma daa yi nursing shikuru maa n kuna ka o mini Roger Clinton Sr., ŋun daa n kɔhiri loorinima Hot Springs, Arkansas la ni tuzodoo, Earl T. Ricks la daa n ti lɔ taba amiliya.^[5] Ka bɛ daŋ maa daa yi n labi Hot Springs yuuni 1950 la.^[10]

Di mini o ni zaŋdi o ba dataa maa ba yuli n lɛbi o ba yuli maa yoli naɣila o ni daa n ti nya yuum'pishi ni anu ni^[11] ka ŋun o ba palo maa daa naain n yi pa pili o Clinton bolibu.^[5] Clinton daa n buɣisiya ni o ba dataa maa daa nyɛla loto ŋmaara ni da'nyura so ŋun daa n mali o paɣa ni o tuzodoo Roger Clinton Jr. n nahindi saha kam puuni. O lala fetiina maa daa na baligila bɛ zuɣu saha shɛli Bill ni daa n paai yuuni pia ni anahi ka daa yi zani ni o mini o ba dataa zaŋ bɛ nyuri n kpa taba la ni amaa o daa bi che ba turi dina.^[12] Bill ni ti n bahi che Roger Sr. taali n paŋ o ni biɛhi'shɛli o ni daa mali o beli o kum saha maa.^[13][14]

Bɛ ni daa n kuli Hot Springs tingbani Clinton daa chaŋ la St. John's Catholic Elementary Shikuru, Ramble Elementary Shikuru, ni segregated Hot Springs High School, luɣ'shɛli o ni daa n-nyɛ toondana n-ti o shikuru bihi taba, ka daa nyɛ ŋun mali yurilim n ti karimbu, ka daa lahi n-nyɛ baaŋa.^[5] Clinton daa pahila ban daa n be chorus la ni ka daa lahi n ŋmeri bɛ ni bo shɛli ni tenor saxophone la ka daa n ti di li bɛ ni boli di shɛli ni state band's saxophone section la ni. Saha shɛli ni o ni daa na n be bikura shikuru la ni, Clinton daa zaŋ la yuma ayi n be waa tuma puuni ka daa be bɛ bi boli shɛli ni jazz trio la ni. Bana ka bɛ daa boli ni The 3 Kings. Randy Goodrum ŋun daa n ti lɛbi bɛ ni boli so ni pianist la gba daa nyɛla ŋun pahi bɛ ni.^[15]

Yuuni 1961 la ni ka Clinton daa n pahi bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Hot Springs Chapter of the Order of DeMolay din daa nyɛ bi'pola laɣingu din tabi bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Freemasonry la ni amaa ŋun daa bi n lɛbi Freemason.^[16] O daa yuya ni o daa lɛbi baaŋa kamani o ni daa n yɛli shɛm o ni daa n sabi lahabali shɛli zaŋ n kpa o maŋa ka boli li ni My Lifela ni:

Clinton daa lahi mali la korisi ni o bɔhim bɛ ni boli shɛli ni law la o ni daa na n chani Hot Springs High. Di saha ka o daa zaŋ lala yeli maa ni o ŋme Roman senator Catiline ni daa n yɛli shɛm n zaŋ kpa di polo yuun'gbaliŋ nyaaŋa la nangbankpeeni din daa nyɛ yeri yeri o Latin bɔhimbu duu puuni.^[17] O ni daa n labi n yuli o yɛltɔɣa zuɣu ni nimmɔhi n naai o daa nya ka di mali tuma o "feelanima dibu salo puuni n ti tabili o baŋsim siyaasatali ni" dini n-nyɛ o daa yɛli Latin karimba teacher Elizabeth Buck ni "ni di wuhi o mi ni o ti ni bahi n bɔhim law dahin shɛli".^[18]

Clinton daa wuhi niŋsim shɛŋa din zaa daa n niŋ yuuni 1963 la o biɛhigu puuni buyi la ni daa n baŋsiri o ni binshɛli n daa nyɛ o ni daa n bɔri ni o lebi salo ni nira (public figure). Di puuni shɛli n-nyɛ o ni daa n zani bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Boys Nation senator la zaani ka daa n chaŋ White House ni ni o ti nya tingbani zuɣulana John F. Kennedy la.^[12] Din daa n kpalim maa n daa nyɛ o ni daa zaŋ shɛli n yulindi Martin Luther King Jr.yuuni 1963 la "I Have a Dream" feela dibu talivisa zuɣu ka di daa yi n niŋdi o nyaɣisim hali ka o daa ti n bahi gbaai li n niŋ o zuɣu ni.^[19]

Clinton daa nya bɛ ni boli shɛli ni scholarships la ka daa zaŋ li n chaŋ School of Foreign Service din be Georgetown University din be Washington, D.C. la ni ka daa n ti deei bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Bachelor of Science la foreign service degree puuni yuuni 1968 la ni. Georgetown konko n daa nyɛ yunivasiti shɛli Clinton ni daa zaŋ o gbana n sabi ti.^[20]

Yuuni 1964 mini 1965 yuuni la ni zaa, Clinton n daa n kuli nyɛ ŋun diri bɛ ni boli shɛli ni class presidentla bɛ shikuru ni.^[21] Bin din gbaai yuuni 1964 la hali ni 1967 yuuni la ni ŋuna n daa na nyɛla bɛ ni boli shikuru bil'so ni intern la ka daa lahi n-nyɛ clerk n be Arkansas Senator J. William Fulbright tuma duu.^[5] Ka naain n che o ni daa na n-nyɛ Alpha Phi Omega ŋun daa nyɛ bɛ ni boli so ni service fraternity la tuzodoo bɛ kolaji ni^[22] ka bɛ daa n piigi o n-ti Phi Beta Kappa. O nyɛla ŋun pahi bɛ ni boli shɛba ni Kappa Kappa Psi honorary band fraternity nima la ni.^[23]

Upon graduating from Georgetown in 1968, Clinton won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College, Oxford, where he initially read for a B.Phil. in philosophy, politics, and economics but transferred to a B.Litt. in politics and, ultimately, a B.Phil. in politics.^[24] Clinton did not expect to return for the second year because of the draft and so he switched programs; this type of activity was common among other Rhodes Scholars from his cohort. He had received an offer to study at Yale Law School, and so he left early to return to the United States and did not receive a degree from Oxford.^[12][25][26]

Saha shɛli Clinton ni daa n na chani Oxford, o daa laɣi la Frank Aller ŋun gba daa n-nyɛ America Rhodes Scholar la zɔri . Yuuni 1969 la ni, Aller daa nya draft gbaŋ din daa wuhiri ni bɛ mali mi bɛ tɔbubihi shili n zali n guhiri Vietnam War. Aller ni daa n ti ku o maŋa yuuni 1971 la ni daa nyɛla din n dam Clinton pam.^[24][27] British nima sasabira ni feminist Sara Maitland daa n yɛliya zaŋ kpa Clinton polo, "N ni tooi n teei Bill mini Frank Aller ni daa n mali ma n chani pub din be Walton Street la ni yuuni 1969 wuuni la saha puuni ka yɛri ma zaŋ kpa lala Vietnam War maa. N daa ʒi di yɛltɔɣa shɛli ŋɔna, di saha ka Frank daa pili n buɣisiri n tiri ma bɛ ni daa n yɛn n zaŋ napalm n wabi daadama shɛm ka n daa pili kumsi. Bill daa yɛliya ni di bi tu ka niri ka suhupiɛlli. Lala saha maa n daa nyɛ n tuuli n ni daa baŋ ni liberal sensitivities konko pa la din yɛn n saɣi dinzuɣu di tu ni a niŋ binshɛli zaŋ kpa di polo".^[24] Clinton daa pahili bɛ ni boli shɛba ni Oxford University Basketball Club nima la puuni ka gba daa ŋmeri n-tiri bɛ ni boli shɛba ni Oxford University's rugby union team nima la.^[28]

Clinton ni daa na n-nyɛ tingbani zuɣulana yuuni 1994 saha ni la, bɛ daa n-ti o la bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Doctor of Civil Law degree mini a fellowship din daa nyɛ din yi University of Oxford na ka ŋanima zaa daa nyɛ pina shɛŋa bɛ daa n-ti o ni bɛ paɣa o ni nyɛ "a doughty ni o ni daa n kpaŋ o maŋa n-nyɛ ŋun daa nyɛ tuuli ŋun daa n be world peace bɔbu ni", ka daa n lahi nyɛ "ŋun daa n wumdi n tiri o paɣa haŋkali ", n ti pahi o ni daa n di "general applause saha shɛli o ni daa n gu ka taɣi bɛ ni boli shɛli ni gridlock din gba daa n taɣi agreed budget la".^[25][29]

Lala Vietnam War ŋɔ saha maa ni bɛ daa n ti la Clinton bɛ ni boli shɛli ni educational draft deferments la o ni daa na n be England yuuni 1968 mini yuuni 1969 saha la ni.^[30] O ni daa na n be Oxford puuni o daa nyɛla ŋun gba daa n tabi n sɔŋ Vietnam War protests la ni ka daa n laɣim Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam laɣingu maa puuni silimin gɔli October yuuni 1969 la ni.^[5] O daa maani la shili ni o chaŋ law shikuru U.S. tingbani ni ka daa kuli n mi ni o ni kɔŋ o deferment. Clinton daa n mɔya pam ni o daa nya zaashee bɛ ni boli shɛŋa ni National Guard mini Air Force officer candidate school nima la ni ka daa bi nya nasara ka daa n chaŋ ni o ti n pahi Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) laɣingu shɛli din daa n be University of Arkansas la.^[31][32]

O daa bi yu ni o pahi lala ROTC laɣingu nima maa zuɣu ka dinzuɣu daa che ka o daa n sabi gbaŋ n-ti lala laɣingu maa toondana n yɛli o ni ŋun gba bi bɔri ni tɔbu maa tuhi ni amaa ni o bi tiɛhi ni lala ROTC, National Guard, bee Reserve service nima ŋɔ kɔnko n ni tooi n sɔŋ ba Vietnam puuni . O daa lahi n yɛliya gbaŋ maa puuni ni o bi yɛn n ye yunifom di sɔŋsim puuni ni amaa o nyɛla ŋun daa yɛn n zaŋ o maŋa n-ti bɛ ni boli shɛli ni draft la ni ka n tuhi di yi niŋ ka bɛ piigi o ni o tabi sɔŋ ka bɛ tuhi ka tɔm n-nyɛ di yɛn che ka o "siyaasatali la nyɛ yaa biɛhigu puuni ".^[33] Clinton daa sabiya ni bɛ piigi n ka o pahi lala draft maa ni ka daa n ti nya la di kalinli shɛli din galisi pam (311), ka di daa n wuhiri ni ban dɔɣim dabsa daa pun n beni la ka bɛ daa pili n-ti shɛŋa ka di gbaai Siliminsili puuni kalinli 1 hali ni 310 n daa nyɛ ban yɛn drafted ka naain n yi ti o ka di daa che ka o ka dihitabili ni bɛ ti ni n boli o. (Bɛ ni daa n kpuɣi ninvuɣ'shɛba di puuni daa yisila Siliminsili puuni kalinli din nyɛ 195 la.)^[34]

Colonel Eugene Holmes, ŋun daa nyɛ sooja'so ŋun daa n sɔŋ Clinton o ROTC la bɔbu ni la daa zilisiya ni Clinton daa bo soya sabbu maa puuni din daa yɛn che ka o bi ye yunifom ka tɔm n bi kpe lala draft maa ni. O daa sabi la lahabali shɛli din daa nyɛ bɛ ni boli shɛli ni notarized la yuuni 1992 saha la tingbani zuɣulanatali tɔɣano yɛltɔɣa ni:

Yuuni 1992 la tɔɣano puuni vihigu daa yina n wuhiri ni Clinton ŋahiba daa mɔya ni o bo zaashee n-ti o bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Navy Reserve la puuni din daa yɛn che ka bɛ daa bi n piigi o n niŋ lala Vietnam maa puuni ka daa lee n bi nya di nasara ka Clinton daa yina 1992 yuuni la n ti yɛli ni ŋun daa pun bi mi di yela gba.^[36] Clinton tumtumsa zaŋ chaŋ lala draft maa ni di bahi n bahindi o ni daa n tooi n mali soli ni o piigi o ni bori shɛli amii ka o daa n zaŋ sooja yuli n tabi sɔŋ la bee daa nyɛla lala Vietnam veterans nima la mini ban daa bi bori taɣibu la nima ni daa n ti vihi o shɛli zuɣu o tuuli tingbani zuɣulantali la tɔɣano puuni ka bɛ shɛba mii daa ʒeya ni o daa zaŋ la Fulbright nuu n kpɛhi di puuni ni din daa yɛn che ka soojanima bi tooi n tum bɛ tuma di bahi n bahindi din daa n-nyɛ din n tam kalinli zuɣu maa zaa yoli.^[37][38] Clinton yuuni 1992 la tɔɣano toondana, James Carville daa kpaŋ o maŋa ka che ka bɛ baŋ ni kadama Clinton gbaŋ shɛli puuni o ni daa n sabi n zaɣisi ni o pahi lala ROTC ŋɔ maa puuni daa tu ni di yo palo ni ka salo maa ti nya li ni din yɛn che ka ban gba daa yɛn n piigi ka gba daa nyɛ ban bi bɔri ni lala Vietnam War niŋ la ni baŋ o zaashee bee o ni bɔri shɛli di puuni.^[39]

Clinton ni daa n yina Oxford o daa chaŋ n ti kpela shikuru shɛli bɛ ni boli ni Yale Law la ni ka daa ti yina ni bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree la yuuni 1973 la puuni.^[12] Yuuni 1971 la puuni ka o daa nya o paɣa, Hillary Rodham lala shikuru maa luɣ'shɛli bɛ ni boli ni Yale Law Library la ni; ka o daa nyɛ ŋun daa n gari o duuyini.^[40] Di saha ka bɛ daa n pili taba laɣibu hali ka di daa ti n paai saha shɛli so ni ku tooi n kpe bɛ sunsuuni balee bɛ ti n waligiba. Kamani chiri yini nyaaŋa Clinton daa na n che la tum'shɛŋa o ni daa yɛn n tumda bɛ ni boli shɛli ni summer la saha ni la ka daa n chaŋ n ti lebi bɛ ni boli so ni coordinator la n ti George McGovern campaign yuuni 1972 United States presidential election la zuɣu ni din daa yɛn n che ka o mini o paɣa maa zaa daa tooi n kuli California n ti laɣim n be ni.^[41] Bɛ daa na kuli n nyɛla ban laɣim n be New Haven puuni saha shɛli bɛ ni daa n yi law shikuru la n kuna zaa.^[42]

Clinton daa bahi n ti chaŋ mi n paai Texas with Rodham in 1972 to ni di sɔŋ ka o daa nya tuma din daa yɛn n che ka o be bɛ ni boli so ni McGovern la tooni ni maa ni. O daa niŋ dabaayi Dallas tingbani ni luɣ'shɛli o ni daa n gberi bɛ ni boli shɛli ni at the campaign's local headquarters din daa be Lemmon Avenue ka o daa mali k tuma duu shɛli puuni la. Clinton daa n tumi ni future two-term mayor of Dallas Ron Kirk,^[43] future governor of Texas Ann Richards,^[44] ka daa naain n yi che o mi daa n tumdi ka nyɛ talivisa director mini filmmaker Steven Spielberg la ka so daa bɛ mi o ni nyɛ ninvuɣ'so.^[45]

Clinton ni daa n naai o bɔhimbu Yale Law School puuni ka yina o daa labila Arkansas tingbani puuni yaha n daa ti lebi bɛ ni boli so ni law professor la University of Arkansas puuni. Yuuni 1974 la puuni ka o daa n yina n bɔri House of Representatives. Lala ka o daa kuli n boli li n pa taba 3rd district maa puuni ni o yiɣisi incumbent Republican John Paul Hammerschmidt ŋun nyɛ ŋun daa na ʒe gbana maa zuɣu lala saha maa puuni. Clinton tɔɣano maa daa nyɛla bɛ ni boli shɛba ni anti-Republican mini anti-incumbent mood nima la ni daa yina n ti tabi n sɔŋ pam ka daa ti bahindi ni bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Watergate scandal la. Hammerschmidt daa nyɛla piibu kalinli din yiɣisi 77 percent yuuni 1972 la ni ka daa n zaŋ piibu piibu kalinli din daa n paai 52 percent zaŋ chani 48 percent margin n di Clinton . Yuuni 1976 la puuni Clinton daa yina n bo Arkansas attorney general. Ka o daa ti n di secretary of state n ti tabili deputy attorney general zaa ha bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Democratic primary la puuni. Bɛ daa pii Clinton piibu piibu maa puu ka yɛltɔɣa shɛli daa kani ka che Republican nima puuni so daa na ʒen n zani zaashee.^[46][12]

Yuuni 1978 la ni ka Clinton daa chaŋ n ti kpe bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Arkansas gubernatorial primary la puuni. Lala saha maa ni ka o daa lahi n nya yuum'pihita ni yini ka daa n pahi nachim'bihi polla shɛba ban gba daa be lala gubernatorial candidates maa puuni America taarihinima ni. Bɛ daa piila Clinton Arkansas tingbani zuɣulana la yuuni 1978 la puuni din daa lahi n-nyɛ yuuni shɛli puuni o ni daa n di Republican nima toondana Lynn Lowe, ŋun daa nyɛ pukpara n yi Texarkana na la. Clinton daa na nyɛla yuum'pihita ni ayi ka lebi tingbani zuɣulana ka daa lahi n-nyɛ lala saha maa nachim'polli so ŋun daa n pahiri ayi ka n di Arkansas tingbani zuɣulanatali.^[47] O ni daa na nyɛ naɣachin'bili poli ka nyɛ ŋun diri tingbani zuɣulanatali maa daa ti che mi ka bɛ boli o ni "Boy Governor".^[48][49][50] O daa nyɛla ŋun yuli bɛ shikuruti zuɣu ka daa n lahi n bo soya ka Arkansas daa nya pal'suma ka o paɣa Hillary mii gba daa n be komitee shɛli bɛ ni boli ni urban health care reform la tooni ka binyɛra chani viɛyelinga. Tɔ amaa o saha maa ni farigu shɛŋa daa n pa pa la pallizuɣu binchana zuɣu ka bɛ daa bɛ mi di ni daa n jɛndi shɛŋa ka daa naain yi n che tiŋ'bihi ni daa bi n niŋ suhudoo ni Cuban refugees (ban daa n yi Mariel boatlift na la) nima la ni daa tooi n zo la bɛ ni daa n mɔŋ shɛba soli Fort Chaffee Kpebu ni yuuni 1980 la puuni ni la. Monroe Schwarzlose ŋun daa n yi Kingsland din be Cleveland County, la na daa malila kalinli 31 percent n gari Clinton lala Democratic gubernatorial primary din daa nyɛ yuuni 1980 la din ni la puuni. Shɛba daa yɛliya ni Schwarzlose ni daa bi mi piibu shɛŋa yela n daa wuhi ni Republican nira la, Frank D. White daa nyɛla ŋun yɛn n di Clinton lala yuuni maa piibu piibu puuni. Kamani Clinton ni daa pun n diɛm yɛli ni ŋuna n daa nyɛ naɣchim'palo so ŋun na pun n di tingbani maa zuɣulanatali di taarihi puuni.^[12]

Clinton ni daa n yi namkuɣu ni silimin gɔli January yuuni 1981 puuni ni la o daa chaŋ mi n ti zaŋ o maŋa n tabili o zo Bruce Lindsey's Little Rock law firm of Wright, Lindsey mini Jennings.^[51] Yuuni 1982 la puuni, bɛ daa lahi n piigi o ka o di bɛ tingbani zuɣulatali ka di pahiri o buyi ka o daa n kpalim namkuɣu maa ni hali ni yuum'pia nyaaŋa. Din ni daa n ti niŋ ka yuuni 1986 puuni piibu piibu la n chaŋ viɛyelinga la Arkansas nima daa n taɣila bɛ gubernatorial term of office n chaŋ yuma ayi hali ni yuma anahi puuni. O ni daa na n ʒi namgbana zuɣu, o daa n sɔŋ mi ka Arkansas nima daabiligu du zuɣusaa ka daa lahi n yuli bɛ tingbani maa ni wuhibu ni bɔhimbu zuɣu din daa yɛn n che ka ŋa chaŋ du zuɣusaa n ti n tam kanli zuɣu.^[52] Bɛ ni boli shɛba ni senior citizens nima la ŋuna, o daa yihila bɛ ni boli shɛli ni sales tax la bɛ tiima zuɣu ka daa naɣi n pahi siliminsi ni boli shɛli ni home property-tax exemption la bɛ dundona puuni.^[53] Ŋuna n daa kpalim n-nyɛ toondana bɛ ni boli shɛba ni New Democrats ban daa n-nyɛ lala Democrats nima ŋɔ zaɣ'bɔbigu ka daa n yina n ti bo soya ka lahi n yulindi ni salo nya biɛhisuŋ bɛ ni boli shɛŋa ni welfare reform, smaller government, n ti tabili laɣinsi shɛŋa zaa bɛ ni boli shɛba ni liberals nima la ni daa bi n tabiri n sɔŋdi la puuni. Bɛ ni daa na n tooi n kpa li, bɛ daa na n booni li la Democratic Leadership Council (DLC), ka ban daa na saamba la daa yina n ti yɛli ni tingbani zuɣulana, Ronald Reagan's landslide victory in 1984 la zuɣu ni di daa tu ni bɛ bo yɛlkpani shɛli din mali yaa ka ni tooi n zani di gama n sɔŋ ba pɔi ka bɛ daa naain n yi ni tooi n nya nasara piibu piibu maŋa maa puuni.^[53][54] Clinton daa zaŋ lala yɛl'shɛli bɛ ni boli ni Democratic response n ti paai Reagan's 1985 State of the Union Address ka daa n lebi ʒeekuɣulana n-ti laɣingu shɛli bɛ ni boli ni National Governors Association la yuuni 1986 hali ni 1987 yuuni puli ni ka di daa laɣindi o ni salo shɛba ban daa n pa Arkansas nima ko.^[12]

Yuuni 1980s la piligu puuni, Clinton daa bola taɣibu shɛŋa n kpɛhi Arkansas nima wuhibu bi bɔhimbu puuni din daa nyɛ din n be laasabu puuni o ni daa n be bɛ ni boli shɛli ni gubernatorial administration la ni. Ban yulindi Arkansas nima wuhibu ni bɔhimbu zaashee bee di ni tu ni di paai shɛm la nima ʒeekuɣulana daa nyɛla Clinton paɣa, Hillary ŋun daa lahi n-nyɛ attorney n ti pahi ʒeekuɣulana n-ti Legal Services Corporation nima la. Lala komitee nima ŋɔ nyɛla ban daa n bo lebigimsim pam na Arkansas wuhibu ni bɔhimbu puuni. Bɛ ni daa lahi n maani shɛli ni bɛ tum tun'shɛŋa n daa nyɛ ni ka bɛ kuri arizikl pam n niŋdi shikuruti nima puuni (ka daa nyɛla bɛ yɛn n pahila sales-tax ka di nya soli), biɛhisuŋ bo ti shikuru bihi shɛba ban mali fahima pam la, nuuni tuu'baŋsim puuni, ka pahi karimbanima yori, ka maain bo waligimsim maŋa n niŋ bɔhimbu puuni, ka daa lahi n che ka di za karimba kam zuɣu talahi ni o zahim wuhibu ni bɔhimbu ni chani shɛm. Lala bɛ shɛli ŋɔ malibu daa na nyɛla ŋa churi bee n daa na zani soli silimin gɔli September yuuni 1983 la ni Clinton ni daa n boli special legislative session la nyaaŋa —din daa darigi pam Arkansas nima taarihi puuni.^[52] Niraba pam daa nya Dinbɔŋɔ ka di daa nyɛla Clinton kpaŋmaŋa timsili o tingbani zuɣulanatali puuni.^[12][53] Republican nima paati toondananima anahi ka o daa n di tingbani zuɣulanatali puuni: Lowe ( yuuni 1978 la ni), White ( yuuni 1982 la n ti tabili yuuni 1986), Jonesboro businessmen Woody Freeman ( yuuni 1984 la puuni), n ti pahi Sheffield Nelson ŋun daa yi Little Rock la na la ( yuuni1990 la ni).^[46]

Yaha, yuuni 1980s la gba puuni Clinton maŋmaŋa biɛhigu di bahi n bahindi daabiligu puuni shɛŋa n daa n-nyɛ kɔhima ni damma shɛŋa din daa n ti lebi bɛ ni boli shɛli ni Whitewater controversy vihigu shɛli din daa biɛhi o naba o namkuɣu puuni la nyɛbili.^[55] Bɛ daa ti n bahi naai bɛ lala vihigu maa la yuun'gbaliŋ nyaaŋa ka mii tɔm daa bi nya o ni biɛhiyoli shɛli di bahi n bahindi yuun'gbaliŋ shɛŋa o ni daa na n-nyɛ Arkansas zuɣulana la.^[12][56]

Vihigu shɛŋa daa yina n wuhiri ni Clinton daa nyɛla bɛ ni boli so ni death penalty nyitaa la o ni daa na n yiɣisiri na tɔ amaa o zaashehi daa nyɛla ŋa n taɣi.^[57][58] Tɔ amaa, o daa naain tooi n lu yuuni la puuni 1992, Clinton daa ʒemi ni ka dama ni bɛ ni boli shɛba ni Democrats la "bi lahi tu ni bɛ zaŋ ban ka taali la gubu ni bɛ taɣibu ls n niŋ sɔɣisinli ni".^[59] Yuuni shɛli puuni Clinton ni daa yɛn n yiɣisi o namkuɣu zuɣu la ni ka Arkansas tingbani maa daa ti n niŋ di tuuli zuɣuŋmali bee nyavulidili tum yuuni 1964 (mara shɛŋa din daa n jɛmdi kum daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa labisi shɛli na yuuni 1976 la ni) saha la ha puuni.^[60] O ni daa na n-nyɛ tingbani zuɣulana saha shɛli la puuni, o daa pun n lihimi n ti gbaai lala tuuli zuɣuŋmali bee nyavulidili shɛŋa dibaa anahi shɛli din daa yɛn n niŋ Arkansas tingbani la di bahi n bahindi bɛ ni daa n labisi lala mara zaŋ n jɛndi kum la na yuuni 1976 la ni: bɛ ni yino daa yɛn n kpila bɛ ni boli shɛli ni electric chair la zuɣu ka bɛ niriba ata ban daa kpalim maa mii ka bɛ ni boli shɛli ni lethal injection la mii ku ba.^[61] Clinton ni daa bɔri ni o wuhi o zaashee zaŋ kpa lala tibdarigubo niŋsim ŋɔ maa polo, o daa zɔmi n kuli Arkansas tingbani yuuni 1992 la ni tɔɣino sunsuuni puuni din daa yɛn n che ka o maŋa baŋsi ba ni ka dama duŋ bee nangbankpeeni shɛli din daa n be Ricky Ray Rector kubu saha la ni daa na nyɛla ŋa yɛn chaŋ tooni kamani di daa pun n yɛli shɛm la.^[62][63]

O ni daa na n-nyɛ tingbani zuɣulana yuuni 1980s la ni, Arkansas tingbani ni n daa na nyɛ luɣ'shɛli polo bɛ ni daa n sɔɣiri ʒeri tiima yiri tinduya na bee n kɔhiri ŋanima ka bi yɔri ŋanima farigunima zuɣu la ni daa n niŋ bayana ka ŋanima daa tooi n niŋdi la bɛ ni boli shɛba ni Mena Airport nima la kɔbili. CIA agent Barry Seal ŋun daa lahi n sɔɣi mi n da cocaine ka di daa n paai three to five billion dollars lala airport nima maa sani ka lala niŋsim ŋɔ daa paai bɛ ni boli shɛba ni Iran–Contra affair nima la.^[64] Bɛ daa zaŋla lala yeli ŋɔ n meei n pa Clinton ni o daa mi ŋa n niŋdi maa zaa ka zaŋ ŋa n fɔ di mini bɛ daa ka gbana shɛŋa bɛ ni daa yɛn zaŋ n wuhi ka di daa wuhi ni yɛlmaŋli ka bɛ daa shiri n yɛri maa bee ʒiri di bahi n bahindi bɛ ni daa na ʒen n gbaagi o ni lala ni maa zaa yoli.^[65][66] Journalist Sam Smith daa n bohi o bɔhisi pam zaŋ kpa lala daabiligu maa polo.^[67] Gennifer Flowers gba daa lahi n ŋma ʒiri n pa Clinton n yɛri ni o daa malila cocaine n tumdi tuma o ni daa na n-nyɛ tingbani zuɣulana saha shɛli la ni^[68] ka bɛ daa kpɛhi o tuzodo ŋun yuli daa booni Roger la mii sarika puuni yuuni 1985 la din ni daa niŋ ka o daa mali cocaine shɛŋa bɛ ni n sɔɣiri n mali kperi na la ka gba daa nyɛ ŋun pahi bɛ ni la zuɣu tɔ amaa, o ni daa ti yina sarika maa ni Clinton daa nyɛla ŋun daa n che o taali n zaŋ paŋ o. Saha shɛli ni o ni daa na n be Arkansas tingbani ni, bɛ daa lahi n zuɣisiri o noli ni yɛltɔɣa shɛŋa kamani Whitewater controversy^[69] din daa n pahi Clintons' real estate daabiligu ni la, ka bɛ daa ti lahi n yɛli ni Bill Clinton nyɛla ŋun daa zooi zina puuni Arkansas tingbani ni la di bahi n bahindi bɛ ni daa n ŋma pa o ni o daa malila Arkansas State Police nima la n nyari paɣaba (Troopergate affair).^[70] Bɛ daa ti n ku Don Henry and Kevin Ives yuuni 1987 la n daa ti n yiɣisi lala bɛ ni boli shɛli ni conspiracy theories balibu balibu shɛŋa bɛ ni daa zaŋ n yɛli ni Clinton n ti tabili Arkansas state authorities nima daa pahi mi ka lala niŋsim maa daa niŋdi maa.^[71]

Yuuni 1987 la puuni ka pɔhim zuɣu nima daa yina n ti mali n zamda ni amii Clinton na n ni tooi n yina n ti bɔ tingbani zuɣulanatali la bɔbu bee. Clinton daa kpahim mi n baŋ ka daa na kuli n zaya n nyɛ Arkansas nima tingbani zuɣulana (din daa n doli tingbani zuɣulana ŋun yuli daa booni Hillary la napunkpahi daa na nyɛ din chani viɛyelinga naɣila the First Lady ni daa ti n kpe din ni).^[72] Lala piibu maa puuni Clinton daa n zani n ti Massachusetts governor Michael Dukakis. O daa lahi ŋun n-ti bɛ ni boli shɛli ni nationally televised opening night address la yuuni 1988 Democratic National Convention la puuni amaa o ni daa n di feela shɛli din daa nyɛ minti pihita ni ata ŋa daa n gari bɛ ni daa pun n mi o feela dibu shɛm la daa nyɛla bɛ ni daa n bɔ ni bɛ baŋ daliri shɛli zuɣu di ni daa n waɣa n yaɣi la.^[73] Clinton daa zaŋ la maŋa n kpehi bɛ ni boli shɛli moderate la ni ka daa lahi n-nyɛ san'so ŋun daa n pahi New Democrat wing ban daa n yi Democratic Party ni la nima zuɣu ka daa ti lebi lala ʒengama laɣingu shɛli din n-nyɛ moderate Democratic Leadership Council nima la toondana yuuni 1990 n ti tabili 1991 yuuni ni la ni zaa.^[53][74]

1. ↑ "Twenty years ago, the Drudge Report broke the Clinton-Lewinsky scandal". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/magazine/twenty-years-ago-the-drudge-report-broke-the-clinton-lewinsky-scandal/2018/01/09/3df90b7a-e0ec-11e7-89e8-edec16379010_story.html.
2. ↑ Directory of Irish Genealogy: American Presidents with Irish Ancestors. Homepage.eircom.net (March 23, 2004).
3. ↑ Biography of William J. Clinton. whitehouse.gov.
4. ↑ Andrews, Edmund L. (June 21, 1993). "Clinton Reported to Have A Brother He Never Met". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1993/06/21/us/clinton-reported-to-have-a-brother-he-never-met.html.
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7} Clinton, Bill (2004). My Life. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000-3003-3.
6. ↑ Chafe, William H. (2012). Bill and Hillary: The Politics of the Personal. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-8090-9465-3.
7. ↑ Landres, J. Shawn, ed. (1992). Bill Clinton: The Inside Story. New York: S.P.I. Books. pp. 5–6. ISBN 978-1-5617-1177-2.
8. ↑ Takiff, Michael (2010). A Complicated Man: The Life of Bill Clinton as Told by Those who Know Him. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-3001-2130-8.
9. ↑ Flanagan, Sylvia P., ed. (September 8, 1997). "First Black Food Stamp Chief has Ties to President Clinton". Jet. Chicago: John N. Johnson. p. 10.
10. ↑ Gormley, Ken (2010). The Death of American Virtue: Clinton vs. Starr. New York: Crown Publishers. pp. 16–17. ISBN 978-0-307-40944-7.
11. ↑ Oprah Talks to Bill Clinton. O, The Oprah Magazine (August 2004).
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8} Maraniss, David (1996). First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton. Touchstone. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-684-81890-0.
13. ↑ Holmes, David (2012). The Faiths of the Postwar Presidents. From Truman to Obama. University of Georgia Press. p. 148. ISBN 9780820338620.
14. ↑ Levin, Robert (1992). Bill Clinton. The Inside Story. University of Georgia Press. p. 52. ISBN 9781561711772.
15. ↑ Levin, Robert (1992). Bill Clinton: The Inside Story. S.P.I. Books. pp. 26–29. ISBN 9781561711772.
16. ↑ Bill Clinton's Hometown Homepage.
17. ↑ Soni, Jimmy (June 25, 2013). "10 Things You Definitely Didn't Know About Bill Clinton". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/25/bill-clinton-facts_n_3497083.html.
18. ↑ Maraniss, David (1996). First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton. Touchstone. p. 43.
19. ↑ It All Began in a Place Called Hope (Archived whitehouse.gov Article). White House.
20. ↑ Kiefer, Francine (May 29, 1998). "Clinton: The Early Years". The Christian Science Monitor. https://www.csmonitor.com/1998/0529/052998.us.us.3.html.
21. ↑ Robert E. Levin (1992). Bill Clinton: The Inside Story. SP Books. pp. xxiv–xxv. ISBN 978-1-56171-177-2.
22. ↑ About Leadership. APO.org.
23. ↑ Prominent Members. Kappa Kappa Psi.
24. ↑ ^{24.0 24.1 24.2} Hoffman, Matthew (October 11, 1992). "The Bill Clinton we knew at Oxford: Apart from smoking dope (and not inhaling), what else did he learn over here? College friends share their memories with Matthew Hoffman". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/the-bill-clinton-we-knew-at-oxford-apart-from-smoking-dope-and-not-inhaling-what-else-did-he-learn-1556769.html.
25. ↑ ^{25.0 25.1} Dowd, Maureen (June 9, 1994). "Oxford Journal; Whereas, He Is an Old Boy, If a Young Chief, Honor Him". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/09/world/oxford-journal-whereas-he-is-an-old-boy-if-a-young-chief-honor-him.html.
26. ↑ Hitchens, Christopher (December 4, 2010). "Chris or Christopher?". Hitch-22: A Memoir. London: Atlantic books. pp. 106–107. ISBN 978-1-84354-922-2.
27. ↑ Stanley, Alessandra (November 22, 1992). "Most Likely to Succeed". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/22/magazine/most-likely-to-succeed.html.
28. ↑ Cain, Nick & Growden, Greg (2006). "21: Ten Peculiar Facts about Rugby". Rugby Union for Dummies (2 ed.). Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons. p. 297. ISBN 978-0-470-03537-5.
29. ↑ Eyal, Jonathan (June 8, 1994). "Doctor without a thesis: Bill Clinton gets an Oxford degree today, but Jonathan Eyal's verdict on his term's work is: a disaster". The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/doctor-without-a-thesis-bill-clinton-gets-an-oxford-degree-today-but-jonathan-eyals-verdict-on-his-1421189.html.
30. ↑ Neil A. Hamilton (2005). Presidents: A Biographical Dictionary. Infobase Publishing. p. 366. ISBN 978-1-4381-0816-2.
31. ↑ Steven M. Gillon (2008). The Pact: Bill Clinton, Newt Gingrich, and the Rivalry that Defined a Generation. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-19-532278-1.
32. ↑ Mikkelson, David (January 6, 2003). Was Bill Clinton a 'Felonious Draft Dodger'?.
33. ↑ Clinton, Bill (February 13, 1992). "The 1992 Campaign; A Letter By Clinton On His Draft Deferment: 'A War I Opposed And Despised'". The New York Times. The Associated Press. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/13/us/1992-campaign-letter-clinton-his-draft-deferment-war-opposed-despised.html.
34. ↑ Lauter, David (February 13, 1992). "Clinton Releases '69 Letter on ROTC and Draft Status". Los Angeles Times (Los Angeles). https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-02-13-mn-2993-story.html.
35. ↑ Morris, Roger (April 25, 1999). Partners in Power: The Clintons and Their America. Regnery Publishing. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-89526-302-5.
36. ↑ "Clinton's Draft Deferrment". CNN. 1997. http://www.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/candidates/democrat/clinton/skeletons/draft.shtml.
37. ↑ Bill Clinton's Draft Letter. Frontline. PBS (November 23, 1991).
38. ↑ Frammolino, Ralph (April 6, 1992). "ROTC Officer Unaware of Draft Notice: Clinton: The man whose action kept the future governor in school says he was not told of 1969 induction letter. Draft board insists none was sent". Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-04-06-mn-447-story.html.
39. ↑ Public Broadcasting System, Frontline: Interview with James Carville, 2000.
40. ↑ Hillary Rodham Clinton. whitehouse.gov.
41. ↑ Gerstein, Josh (November 26, 2007). "The Clintons' Berkeley Summer of Love". The New York Sun. http://www.nysun.com/national/clintons-berkeley-summer-of-love/66982.
42. ↑ Gerstein, Josh (November 26, 2007). "Hillary Clinton's Radical Summer". The New York Sun. http://www.nysun.com/national/hillary-clintons-radical-summer/66933/.
43. ↑ William Jefferson Clinton Presidential Center and the Clinton School of Public Service. National Association of State Judicial Educators (July 20, 2013).
44. ↑ Slater, Wayne (December 16, 2007). "Texas stumping in '72 helped shape Clinton's campaign". Dallas Morning News. http://www.dallasnews.com/news/politics/2016/03/01/from-the-archives-lone-star-stumping-gig-in-72-race-helped-shape-hillary-clintons-08-bid.
45. ↑ Felsenthal, Carol (May 7, 2008). "George McGovern and Bill Clinton: the State of the Friendship". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/carol-felsenthal/george-mcgovern-and-bill_b_98845.html.
46. ↑ ^{46.0 46.1} "Bill Clinton Political Career". CNN. 1997. http://cgi.cnn.com/ALLPOLITICS/1996/candidates/democrat/clinton/political.career.shtml.
47. ↑ Bill Clinton (1946–).
48. ↑ Cohen, Adam (December 12, 2007). "Bill and Hillary Clinton's Pitch in Iowa: 'I Love the '90s'". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/12/opinion/12wed4.html.
49. ↑ R. Emmett Tyrrell Jr. (1996). Boy Clinton: The Political Biography. Eagle Publishing. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-89526-439-8.
50. ↑ Kelly, Michael (November 27, 1992). "Little Rock Hopes Clinton Presidency Will Put Its Dogpatch Image to Rest". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/27/us/little-rock-hopes-clinton-presidency-will-put-its-dogpatch-image-to-rest.html.
51. ↑ Jonathan W. Nicholsen. Bill Clinton Timeline. Timeline Help.
52. ↑ ^{52.0 52.1} Pendleton, Scott (July 21, 1992). "Governor Gets High Marks for Public Education Reforms". The Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0721/21062.html.
53. ↑ ^{53.0 53.1 53.2 53.3} Klein, Joe (2002). The Natural: The Misunderstood Presidency of Bill Clinton. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-7679-1412-3.
54. ↑ Bill Clinton, New Democrat. DLC (July 25, 2004).
55. ↑ Blumenthal, Sidney (2003). The Clinton Wars (1st ed.). Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-12502-8.
56. ↑ Harris, John F. (2006). The Survivor: Bill Clinton in the White House (1st ed.). Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 978-0-375-76084-6.
57. ↑ A chirim ya: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named mbsrgd
58. ↑ Nguyen, Alexander (July 14, 2000). Bill Clinton's Death Penalty Waffle—and Why It's Good News for Execution's Foes. The American Prospect. “In his early days, Clinton opposed the death penalty. And while he and his wife Hillary Rodham Clinton were both teaching at the University of Arkansas Law School, she wrote an appellate brief that helped save a mentally retarded man from execution. "Clinton was against the death penalty," says Arkansas attorney Jeff Rosenzweig, who, like Clinton, grew up in Hot Springs, Arkansas. "He told me so."”
59. ↑ Hartman, Andrew (2015). A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture Wars. The University of Chicago Press. p. 121. ISBN 978-0-226-25464-7.
60. ↑ Reinstatement of the Death Penalty.
61. ↑ Execution Database | Death Penalty Information Center. Death Penalty Information Center.
62. ↑ Applebome, Peter (January 25, 1992). "The 1992 Campaign: Death Penalty; Arkansas Execution Raises Questions on Governor's Politics". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/1992/01/25/us/1992-campaign-death-penalty-arkansas-execution-raises-questions-governor-s.html.
63. ↑ (September 27, 2001) "Why Do White Americans Support the Death Penalty?". The Journal of Politics 65 (2). DOI:10.1111/1468-2508.t01-2-00006. ISSN 0022-3816.
64. ↑ Mena Intermountain Municipal Airport (en-US).
65. ↑ Morrison, Micah (1994). Mysterious Mena.
66. ↑ What Was Clinton's Role In 'Mena Mystery!?' - Oakland Post | HighBeam Research (2014-06-11).
67. ↑ Smith, Sam (1998). Arkansas Connections: A Time-line of the Clinton Years by Sam Smith.
68. ↑ Aides: Clinton Never Used Coke - CBS News (en-US) (1999-08-24).
69. ↑ Engelberg, Stephen (1994-03-13). "THE NATION; Untangling the Threads Of the Whitewater Affair" (en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/13/weekinreview/the-nation-untangling-the-threads-of-the-whitewater-affair.html.
70. ↑ Clinton Tried To Derail Troopers' Sex Allegations.
71. ↑ Weiss, Philip (1997-02-23). "Clinton Crazy" (en-US). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/23/magazine/clinton-crazy.html.
72. ↑ David Maraniss, First in His Class: A Biography of Bill Clinton (New York: Random House, 1996; ISBN 978-0-684-81890-0).
73. ↑ Church, George J. (January 27, 1992). "Cover: Is Bill Clinton For Real?". Time. Retrieved February 22, 2020.
74. ↑ Woodward, Bob (2005). The Choice: How Bill Clinton Won. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7432-8514-8.