Nukleon

Nukleon (af latin: nucleus, kerne) er en fællesbetegnelse for atomkerners bestanddele, dvs. både protoner og neutroner. Neutroner er elektrisk neutrale partikler, og protoner er positivt ladede.

En nuklid er kernen i et atom. Kernen, eller nukliden, består af nukleoner. En nukleon består af 3 kvarker, hvis det er en proton (2*up-kvarker + 1* down-kvark), og hvis det er en neutron (2* down-kvarker og 1* up-kvark).

Antal protoner i atomens kerne kaldes for atomnummeret eller ladningstallet, og betegnes med Z, mens neutrontallet betegnes med N. Det samlede antal af partikler i kernen, kaldes for massetallet og betegnes med A. Da kernen udelukkende består at protoner og neutroner, må formlen A = Z + N derfor gælde.

På figuren til højre, er X den kemiske betegnelse, A er antallet nukleoner i kernen og Z er antallet protoner i kernen. Z er også det pågældende grundstofs atomnummer. For at finde antal neutroner i kernen, som betegnes med N, kan beregnes som: N = A – Z.[1]

Billede af en nuklid kerne, som består af de to nukleoner; protoner (rød) og neutroner (blå).

Referencer

  1. ^ Nielsen, Knud Erik; Fogh, Esper. "Stoffets byggesten". VEJEN TIL Fysik C. Forlaget HAX. {{cite book}}: |access-date= kræver at |url= også er angivet (hjælp)

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