Kernereaktor

Kernen i "CROCUS", en mindre kernereaktor til forskning ved EPFL i Lausanne i Schweiz.

En kernereaktor (i daglig tale også atomreaktor) er stedet, hvor der udvindes energi ved spaltning eller sammensmeltning af atomkerner.

Fusionsreaktor

Uddybende Uddybende artikel: Fusionsreaktor

Ved temperaturer mere end ca. 1 million grader C kan man fusionere visse grundstofisotoper. En fusion man har prøvet er deuterium fusioneret med tritium. Indtil 2011 har man ikke haft kommercielt kørende fusionsreaktorer – kun forsøgs fusionsreaktorer.

Fissionsreaktor

Ved en neutroninduceret kædereaktion spaltes (fissioneres) atomkernerne i brændslet til mindre kerner under frigivelse af stor energi.

Kernebrændslet udgøres i mange reaktorer af stave af beriget uran, dvs. uran med en forhøjet andel af isotopen U-235. For at holde U-235-kædereaktionerne i gang kræves en neutron-moderator, dvs. et materiale, som kan nedbremse de hurtige neutroner, som frisættes ved kernespaltningerne, til langsomme neutroner, der kan inducere fission af nye U-235-kerner.

For at kunne styre kædereaktionshastigheden suppleres brændselsstavene med kontrolstave, som indeholder et neutronabsorberende materiale.

Fissionsreaktorer danner udgangspunkt for konventionel kernekraft. På verdensplan (2006) findes der 440 fungerende fissionskernereaktorer, og 27 er under opbygning.

Fissionsreaktortyper

Efter konstruktionsmåde skelner man mellem forskellige typer af kernereaktorer.

Animeret Diagram af Boiling Water Reactor

Letvandsreaktorer benytter sædvanligt vand som kølemiddel. I letvandsreaktorer af typen BWR (Boiling Water Reactor) fordampes vand ved kontakt med brændselsstavene og ledes derefter videre til en turbine. I letvandsreaktorer af typen PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) er trykket så højt, at vandet ikke kommer i kog. Det afgiver i stedet sin energi i en varmeveksler, som udvikler damp, der driver en turbine i et selvstændigt kredsløb.

Tungtvandsreaktorer benytter ligeledes vand som kølemiddel. I tungt vand er de to hydrogenatomer i et sædvanligt vandmolekyle (H2O) erstattet af to deuteriumatomer (D2O). Fordelen herved er, at der ikke indfanges neutroner i tungt vand. Som konsekvens heraf kan man anvende naturligt uran som kernebrændsel.

Formeringsreaktorer producerer mere brændsel, end de forbruger. Typisk udnyttes indfangning af hurtige neutroner i U-238. Den neutronaktiverede U-239 henfalder via neptunium-isotopen Np-239 til plutonium-isotopen Pu-239. Sidstnævnte høstes og anvendes i en sekundær reaktor. Formeringsreaktorer kan ikke køles med vand, som nedbremser neutroner. I stedet benyttes typisk (flydende) natrium.

Se også

NaturvidenskabSpire
Denne naturvidenskabsartikel er en spire som bør udbygges. Du er velkommen til at hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den.

Read other articles:

Provinsi Yamato

Provinsi Yamato (大和国code: ja is deprecated , yamato no kuni) adalah provinsi lama Jepang yang sekarang menjadi Prefektur Nara. Tōdai-ji merupakan kuil resmi agama Shinto di Yamato. Nama Yamato juga digunakan untuk seluruh wilayah kekaisaran Jepang. Orang Okinawa menggunakan istilah Yamato untuk pulau-pulau utama Jepang yang dalam bahasa Okinawa disebut sebagai Yamatu. lbsProvinsi lama Jepang Aki Awa (Kanto) Awa (Shikoku) Awaji Bingo Bitchu Bizen Bungo Buzen Chikugo Chikuzen Chishima D...

 

Colmberg

Colmberg Lambang kebesaranLetak Colmberg NegaraJermanNegara bagianBayernWilayahMittelfrankenKreisAnsbachSubdivisions12 OrtsteilePemerintahan • MayorWilhelm Kieslinger (CSU/Freie Wähler)Luas • Total38,35 km2 (1,481 sq mi)Ketinggian450 m (1,480 ft)Populasi (2013-12-31)[1] • Total1.945 • Kepadatan0,51/km2 (1,3/sq mi)Zona waktuWET/WMPET (UTC+1/+2)Kode pos91598Kode area telepon09803Pelat kendaraanANSitus we...

 

Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Tiara

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. STAI dan STEI TIARA JakartaJenisSwastaDidirikan2003Staf akademik30Jumlah mahasiswa+- 20 (Kampus Jakarta)LokasiJakarta, DKI Jakarta, IndonesiaKampusUrbanWarnaHijauSitus webhttp://staitiarajakarta.blogspot.com Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam TIARA Jakarta at...

العلاقات النيجرية الشمال مقدونية

العلاقات النيجرية الشمال مقدونية النيجر شمال مقدونيا   النيجر   شمال مقدونيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات النيجرية الشمال مقدونية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين النيجر وشمال مقدونيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرج...

 

Samson dan Delilah

Samson dan DelilahSutradaraNaryono PrayitnoProduserRam SorayaDitulis olehSoraya Intercine FilmsPemeranPaul HaySuzannaHIM DamsyikMelisa HuseinCorbiTonny DamanikAffandi SYassinDiana SurkomSudarmi SuyadiSoendjoto AdibrotoJack MalandEddy Bakar PareNovie ChandraAmin Ansari DSinematograferPartogi SimatupangPenyuntingMuryadiDistributorSoraya Intercine FilmsTanggal rilis1987Durasi93 menitNegara Indonesia Samson dan Delilah adalah film drama fantasi Indonesia yang dirilis tahun 1987 dengan disutradara...

 

Sri Lanka national football team

Men's national association football team representing Sri Lanka This article is about the men's team. For the women's team, see Sri Lanka women's national football team. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Sri Lanka national football team – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 20...

Dorsey W. Shackleford

American politician (1853–1936) Dorsey W. ShacklefordMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Missouri's 8th districtIn officeAugust 29, 1899 – March 3, 1919Preceded byRichard P. BlandSucceeded byWilliam L. Nelson Personal detailsBorn(1853-08-27)August 27, 1853near Sweet Springs, Missouri, USDiedJuly 15, 1936(1936-07-15) (aged 82)Jefferson City, Missouri, USPolitical partyDemocraticProfessionlawyer Dorsey William Shackleford (August 27, 1853 – July 15, 1...

 

Environment of Brazil

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2019) Brazil is located in South America. The environment of Brazil is characterized by high biodiversity with a population density that decreases away from the coast. Brazil's large area comprises different ecosystems, which together sustain some of the world's greatest biodiversity. Because of the country's intense economic and demographic growth, Brazil's ability...

 

Abdel Rahman Zuabi

Retired Israeli judge For people with the same surname, see Zoabi. Portrait of Abdel Rahman Zuabi Abdel Rahman Zuabi (Arabic: عبدالرحمن زعبي, Hebrew: עבד אל-רחמן זועבי; November 19, 1932 – September 12, 2014) (also Abd-er-Rahman Zoabi) was an Israeli Arab judge. In 1999, he served as an Israeli Supreme Court justice.[1] Biography Abdel Rahman Zuabi was born in Sulam, a village in northern Israel near Afula. He studied law at the Tel Aviv School of Law and ...

HotNewHipHop

Online publication HotNewHipHopCategoriesHip hoppop cultureFounded2007CompanyUrbanlinx Media Inc.CountryCanada, United StatesLanguageEnglishWebsitehotnewhiphop.com HotNewHipHop (HNHH) is an online publication that covers daily news about hip hop and pop culture, including streetwear, sports, and sneakers.[1] In addition to its editorial content, HotNewHipHop also produces the video series, How to Roll,[2] On The Come Up,[3][4] In My Bag,[5][6] a...

 

Keuskupan Bolzano-Brixen

Keuskupan Bolzano-BrixenDioecesis Bauzanensis-BrixinensisDiözese Bozen-BrixenDiocesi di Bolzano-BressanoneLokasiNegara ItaliaMetropolitTrentoStatistikLuas7.400 km2 (2.900 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2006)479.758465,365 (97.0%)Paroki281Imam339InformasiRitusRitus RomaPendirianAbad ke-6KatedralCattedrale di Santa Maria Assunta e San Cassiano (Brixen)KonkatedralDuomo di Santa Maria Assunta (Bolzano)Kepemimpinan kiniPausFransiskusUskupIvo MuserPetaSi...

 

Carbon fee and dividend

Variant of carbon tax that restricts revenue use to direct payments to the people See also: Carbon tax and Cap and Dividend Concept of a carbon fee and dividend A coal power plant in Germany. Fee and dividend will make fossil fuels – coal, oil, and gas – less competitive as a fuel than other options. A carbon fee and dividend or climate income is a system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address climate change. The system imposes a carbon tax on the sale of...

South American Championship of Champions

Football tournamentSouth American Championship of ChampionsOfficial posterFounded1948Abolished1948; 76 years ago (1948)RegionSouth AmericaNumber of teams7Related competitionsCopa LibertadoresLast champions Vasco da GamaMost successful club(s) Vasco da Gama (1 title) The South American Championship of Champions (Spanish: Campeonato Sudamericano de Campeones,[1] Portuguese: Campeonato Sul-Americano de Campeões[2]) was a football competition played in Santiago,...

 

Tartarus Colles

Colles on Mars Tartarus Colles based on THEMIS day-time image Tartarus Colles are a group of knobby hills in the northern plains of Mars. Context Tartarus Colles runs from 8° to 33° north latitude and 170° to 200° west longitude. They were named after a classic albedo feature. The name was officially approved by the IAU in 1985.[1] The term Colles is used for small hills or knobs.[2] There are over 40,000 knobs associated with Tartarus Colles.[3] This landform is l...

 

Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos

Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos Portada original de la Constitución de 1917Tipo de texto Texto constitucionalIdioma español, náhuatl, maya (maaya t'aan), lenguas mixtecas (tu'un savi), lenguas zapotecas (dixazà), otomí (hñahñu), huichol (wixárika), purépecha, yaqui (jiak noki), seri (cmiique iitom), rarámuri y otras 30 lenguas indígenas.Función Reemplazar a la Constitución de 1857. Consolidar las demandas sociales, agrarias y laborales exigidas durante la ...

Levobupivacaine

Chemical compound LevobupivacaineClinical dataPronunciation/liːvoʊbjuːˈpɪvəkeɪn/ Trade namesChirocaineOther names(S)-bupivacaine (-)-bupivacaine L(-)-bupivacaineAHFS/Drugs.comMicromedex Detailed Consumer InformationPregnancycategory AU: B3 Routes ofadministrationParenteralATC codeN01BB10 (WHO) Legal statusLegal status AU: S4 (Prescription only) UK: POM (Prescription only) EU: Rx-only Pharmacokinetic dataBioavailabilityn/aProtein binding97%MetabolismHe...

 

Figi ai Giochi della XXIV Olimpiade

Figi ai Giochi della XXIV OlimpiadeSeul 1988 Codice CIOFIJ Comitato nazionaleAssociazione Sportiva e Comitato Olimpico Nazionale delle Figi Atleti partecipanti23 in 5 discipline Di cui uomini/donne19 - 4 Arbitri10 Medagliere Posizione - 0 0 0 0 Cronologia olimpica (sommario)Giochi olimpici estivi 1956 · 1960 · 1964 · 1968 · 1972 · 1976 · 1980 · 1984 · 1988 · 1992 · 1996 · 2000 · 2004 · 2008 ...

 

ルパン三世 PART5

ルパン三世 > ルパン三世 PART5 この記事には複数の問題があります。改善やノートページでの議論にご協力ください。 出典がまったく示されていないか不十分です。内容に関する文献や情報源が必要です。（2021年4月） 一次資料や記事主題の関係者による情報源に頼って書かれています。（2021年4月） 雑多な内容を羅列した節があります。（2021年4月）出典検索?:...

Portable Document Format

「PDF」はこの項目へ転送されています。その他の用法については「PDF (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。 ウィキペディアにおけるページをPDF形式でダウンロードする方法については、「Help:PDF形式でダウンロードする」をご覧ください。 この記事は言葉を濁した曖昧な記述になっています。 Wikipedia:言葉を濁さないおよびWikipedia:避けたい言葉を参考に修正してください。...

 

Theodoric II

King of the Visigoths from 453 to 466 For other uses, see Theodoric II (disambiguation). Theodoric IIImaginary portrait of Theodoric IIKing of the VisigothsReign453 – Early 466PredecessorThorismundSuccessorEuricBornc. 426DiedEarly 466 (aged 40)FatherTheodoric IReligionArian Christianity Theodoric II, Teodorico in Spanish and Portuguese, (c. 426 – early 466) was the eighth King of the Visigoths, from 453 to 466. Biography Theoderic II, son of Theodoric I, obtained the throne by killing his...