Akkumulator (elektrisk)

En akkumulatorpakke med 4 celler anvendt til at strømforsyne en radiofjernstyringsmodtager og proportional servo.
En akkumulator oplader.
For alternative betydninger, se Akkumulator. (Se også artikler, som begynder med Akkumulator)

En elektrisk akkumulator eller et genopladeligt batteri er en transducer og et kemisk system, der kan lagre elektrisk energi som kemisk energi.

I dag findes der følgende typer akkumulatorceller:

og

Test af akkumulatorer

Der er flere akkumulatoregenskaber der bør testes for – nogle af de vigtige er:

  • Indre modstand
  • Kapacitet
  • Selvafladning (varierer med temperaturen)

Kapacitet

Kapacitet måles ved at lade cellen helt op – og dernæst aflade den med en bestemt strømbelastning – f.eks. den samme som cellens pålydende kapacitet (700mAh) aflades med 700mA indtil cellen er afladet til ca. 1 volt for NiCd, NiMH – og vistnok 2,5V for en Li-ion celle (check fabrikantens datablad – vigtigt!).

Selvafladning

Selvafladning testes ved at lade cellen helt op og lægge cellen ved ca. 20 °C i f.eks. 1-2 uger og så – f.eks. den samme som cellens pålydende kapacitet (700mAh) aflades med 700mA indtil cellen er afladet til ca. 1 volt for NiCd, NiMH – og vistnok 2,5V for en Li-ion celle (check fabrikantens datablad – vigtigt!).

Indre modstand

Indre modstand måles med dette ESR-meter, hvor der i vejledningen står at det kan anvendes. [1] [2]

Levetid

Alle akkumulatortyper får forringet deres levetid betydeligt, hvis en eller flere celler lades den forkerte vej, f.eks. pga. for stor afladning af en serieforbundet cellepakke.

Af udstyr der som regel sikrer mod celleladning den forkerte vej er udstyr med seriefundne celler i:

Af udstyr der som regel ikke sikrer mod for stor celleafladning eller celleladning den forkerte vej er udstyr med seriefundne celler i:

  • Akkumulatordrevne boremaskiner

Af udstyr der som regel sikrer mod for stor celleafladning af en enkelt celle er:

  • Udstyr med LiIon-celler (ellers sænkes cellelevetiden drastisk)


Kilder/referencer

  1. ^ Hints for techs using Bob Parker's ESR meter(kit) Citat: "...Bob Parker's excellent ESR meter (January 1996) will also test all types of cells and batteries..."
  2. ^ Bob Parker's ESR Meter Page (se også Mk2 kit)

Se også

Eksterne henvisninger

 Wikimedia Commons har medier relateret til:

Primært om bly–syre og solceller

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