Bôn (rhifyddeg)

Bôn
Enghraifft o:role Edit this on Wikidata
Mathpositive integer, rhif Edit this on Wikidata

Mewn systemau rhifol mathemategol, y bôn (ll. bonion)[1] (weithiau: radics[2] neu 'sylfaen') yw'r nifer o ddigidau unigryw, gan gynnwys sero, mae system rhifo, ble mae lleoliad y digid yn bwysig, yn ei ddefnyddio i gynrychioli rhifau. Er enghraifft, ar gyfer y system ddegol (y system fwyaf cyffredin sy'n cael ei ddefnyddio heddiw) mae'r radics yn ddeg (10), gan ei fod yn defnyddio deg digid - o 0 i 9.

Mewn unrhyw system rhifol safonol, lleoliadol, mae'r rhif, fel arfer, yn cael ei ysgrifennu fel (x)y gydag x fel y llinyn o ddigidau ac y fel ei bôn. Gyda bôn 10, mae'r tanysgrif yn cael ei gymryd yn ganiataol (ac yn cael ei hepgor) ar gyfer bôn deg, gan mai dyma'r ffordd fwyaf cyffredin i fynegi gwerth. Er enghraifft, mae (100)dec = 100 (yn y system degol) yn cynrychioli'r nifer cant, tra bod (100)2 (yn y system ddeuaidd gyda bôn 2) yn cynrychioli'r rhif pedwar.

Radics yw'r term Lladin am 'wreiddyn'.

Systemau rhifol cyffredin

O fewn system Bôn 13, mae'r llinyn o ddigidau e.e. 398 yn golygu: 3 × 132 + 9 × 131 + 8 × 130 = 632.

Yn fwy cyffredinol, mewn system bôn b (b > 1), mae rhes o ddigidau d1 … dn yn dynodi rhif d1bn−1 + d2bn−2 + … + dnb0, ble mae 0 ≤ di < b.[3]

Rhai bonion eitha cyffredin:

Bôn Enw Disgrifiad
2 System ddeuaidd Bôn 2; y ddau ddigid yw "0" ac "1" ("I FFWRDD" ac "YMLAEN"). Dyma'r system a ddefnyddir oddi mewn i bron pob cyfrifiadur.
8 System wythol Bôn 8. Fe'i defnyddir yn achlysurol mewn cyfrifiadureg. Yr wyth digid yw: "0–7" ac mae'n cynrychioli 3 bit (23).
10 System ddegol Bôn 10. Y sytem a ddefnyddir fwyaf drwy'r blaned. Ceir deg digid: "0–9".
12 System deuddegol Bôn 12. Fe'i defnyddir yn aml oherwydd y gellir rhannu 12 gyda 2, 3,4, a 6. Arferid ei ddefnyddio tan yn ddiweddar (1971) ar y ffurf "dwsin" yn enwedig i gyfrif arian: roedd deuddeg (neu un-deg-dau) ceiniog mewn swllt.
16 System hecsadegol Bôn 16. Fe'i defnyddir weithiau mewn cyfrifiadureg, ynghyd a'r sytem ddeuol (1 digid hex i bobr 4 bit). Ceir un-deg-chwech digid: "0–9" ac yna "A–F" neu "a–f".
20 System ugeiniol Bôn 20. Fe'i ceir yma ac acw ledled y byd.

Cyfeiriadau

  1. ↑ Y Termiadur Addysg - Ffiseg a Mathemateg; gweler www.termau.cymru; adalwyd 25 Awst 2018.
  2. ↑ termau.cymru; adalwyd 25 Awst 2018.
  3. ↑ Mano, M. Morris; Kime, Charles (2014). Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals (arg. 4th). Harlow: Pearson. tt. 13–14. ISBN 978-1-292-02468-4.

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