Čtvrtá stěna

Čtvrtá stěna je symbolické pojmenování situace, kdy je stanovená linka mezi publikem (potažmo lidským okem z pohledu diváků) a představením.[1]

Myšlenku poprvé vyslovil Denis Diderot a ovlivnil tak divadelní scénu 19. století.[2]

Alternativním konceptem je „proboření čtvrté stěny“, kdy postava komunikuje přímo s diváky/čtenáři a „boří“ tak čtvrtou stěnu, která ji od nich normálně odděluje.

  • Element je součástí americké surrealistické scény. Umělci: Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker, Monty Python, Mel Brooks
  • V kreslených seriálech Looney Tunes a Merrie Melodies to byla například postava Foghorn Leghorn, která promlouvala o svých plánech směrem k divákům. Tento prvek je také použit v animovaném seriálu Rick and Morty.
  • Ve světě Wikipedie je to použití druhé osoby jednotného či množného čísla („ty“, „vy“) v článku. To je ale v encyklopedickém textu považováno za nevhodné.
  • Velice často v poslední době používáno v MMO světech, kde prolomení čtvrté stěny značí, primárně na roleplayových serverech, poukázání na realitu uvnitř hry, ať už se jedná o typické easter eggy nebo například hráče spamující prodej ingame měny za reálné peníze
  • Jedním z mnoha komiksových charakterů, kteří boří svou čtvrtou stěnu, je i komiksový superhrdina Deadpool, který své myšlenkové pochody rozebírá s diváky jak přes stránky komiksových sešitů, tak i přes obrazovky videoher, avšak nejvíce tento děj můžeme pozorovat na filmových plátnech.

Reference

  1. ↑ BELL, Elizabeth S. Theories of Performance. Los Angeles: Sage, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4129-2637-9. S. 203. .
  2. ↑ "The Fourth Wall and the Third Space" by John Stevenson, creator or Playback Theatre.

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