Souvrství Cloverly

Výchozy geologického souvrství Cloverly.

Souvrství Cloverly je geologické souvrství, jehož sedimenty se rozkládají na území západoamerických států Montana, Wyoming, Colorado a Utah. Své jméno odvozuje od poštovní stanice, která se na přelomu 19. a 20. století nacházela na východní straně Bighornské pánve. Jméno pro souvrství zvolil N. H. Darton v roce 1904.[1]

Charakteristika

Souvrství Cloverly má mocnost v rozmezí 46 až 122 metrů a tvoří je hlavně jílovce, v menší míře pak pískovce a slepence.[2] Je pozůstatkem dávné záplavové nížiny, ve které dominovali zejména dinosauři. Stáří sedimentů činí asi 115 až 108 milionů let, ukládaly se tedy v období geologických věků apt až alb, v pozdějším období rané (spodní) křídy.[3] Podobnou faunou oplývá také stejně staré geologické souvrství Antlers.

Fauna

Mezi nejzajímavější rody dinosaurů, známých z této formace, patří obří sauropod druhu Sauroposeidon proteles, jeden z nejvyšších znávých dinosaurů vůbec.[4] Dále se zde vyskytoval také obří karcharodontosauridní teropod druhu Acrocanthosaurus atokensis[5]. Známými druhy jsou rovněž ornitopod Tenontosaurus tilleti[6] a menší dromeosauridní teropod Deinonychus antirrhopus[7], který měl významnou úlohu v začátku tzv. Dinosauří renesance na konci 60. let 20. století[8]. Je pravděpodobné, že smečky deinonychů útočily na tenontosaury, což předpokládali již paleontologové z období "Dinosauří renesance".[9]

Byl zde objeven také primitivní rohatý dinosaurus Aquilops americanus[10] a obrněný dinosaurus Sauropelta edwardsorum[11]. Kromě několika dalších dinosaurů jsou odtud známé také fosilie savců, želv a ryb.[12] Vyskytoval se zde také obojživelník rodu Albanerpeton.[13]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ Darton, N. H. (1904). Comparison of the stratigraphy of the Black Hills, Bighorn Mountains, and Rocky Mountain Front Range. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 15, p. 379-448.
  2. ↑ Moberly, R. M., Jr. (1960). Morrison, Cloverly, and Sykes Mountain formations, northern Bighorn basin, Wyoming and Montana. Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 71, no. 8, p. 1137-1176.
  3. ↑ Burton, D., Greenhalgh, B.W., Britt, B.B., Kowallis, B.J., Elliott, W.S., and Barrick, R. (2006). New radiometric ages from the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah and the Cloverly Formation, Wyoming: implications for contained dinosaur faunas. Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, 38(7): 52.
  4. ↑ SOCHA, Vladimír. Nejvyšší živočich všech dob. OSEL.cz [online]. 14. února 2020. Dostupné online.  (česky)
  5. ↑ SOCHA, Vladimír. Představuje se Acrocanthosaurus. OSEL.cz [online]. 29. března 2018. Dostupné online. 
  6. ↑ Maxwell, W. D.; Ostrom, J. H. (1995). "Taphonomy and paleobiological implications of Tenontosaurus-Deinonychus associations". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 15 (4): 707–712.
  7. ↑ SOCHA, Vladimír. Dinosauří ikona slaví padesát. OSEL.cz [online]. 6. června 2019. Dostupné online.  (česky)
  8. ↑ https://dinosaurusblog.com/2015/10/27/dinosauri-renesance/
  9. ↑ John R. Nudds, Dean R. Lomax & Jonathan P. Tennant (2022). Gastroliths and Deinonychus teeth associated with a skeleton of Tenontosaurus from the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Montana, USA. Cretaceous Research. 105327. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105327
  10. ↑ https://dinosaurusblog.com/2015/11/16/nejmensi-znami-dinosauri/
  11. ↑ https://dinosaurusblog.com/2018/03/26/dinosaurus-pro-prazeni-sisek/
  12. ↑ Ostrom, J. H. (1970). Stratigraphy and paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin area, Wyoming and Montana. Peabody Museum Bulletin. 35: 1-234.
  13. ↑ Matthew T. Carrano, Matthew P. J. Oreska, Abree Murch, Kelli C. Trujillo & Kevin R. Chamberlain (2022). Vertebrate paleontology of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous), III: a new species of Albanerpeton, with biogeographic and paleoecological implications. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. e2003372. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.2003372

Literatura

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