Pazyrycká kultura

Jezdec na pazyryckém koberci, Ermitáž

Pazyrická kultura je skytská archeologická kultura doby železné existující mezi 6. a 3. století př. n. l. jižní Sibiře a Altaje. Horští Pazyrykové sídlící na Altaji představovali kočovnou, pasteveckou společnost, zatímco severněji sídlící se věnovali usedlému zemědělství a žili v opevněných osadách.[1]

Významné naleziště leží především v údolí kazašské řeky Bolšoj Ulagan a skládá se pěti větších a devíti menších mohyl – kurganů, pocházejících z 5. až 3. století př. n. l. Výzkum probíhal v letech 1929 a 1947 až 1949 a patří mezi nejvýznamnější zdroje informací o Skytech před jejich přesunem na západ.[2] V těchto hrobech byly nalezeny zlaté artefakty, mumie lidí a zvířat, textilie.[3] nebo soubory ohřívadel, konopných semen a dřevěných trojnožek nejspíše užívané k inhalaci konopí, jež u Skytů zmiňuje Hérodotos.[4]

Nejznámějším nálezem náležejícím této kultuře je takzvaná altajská princezna, mumie bohatě potetované mladé ženy z ruské náhorní planiny Ukok nalezená v roce 1993.[3]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ POKUTTA, Dalia A. Mobility of nomads in Central Asia: Chronology and 87Sr/86Sr isotope evidence from the Pazyryk barrows of Northern Altai, Russia [online]. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports [cit. 2020-03-08]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ Pazyryk [online]. Encyclopaedia Britannica [cit. 2020-03-08]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  3. ↑ a b PATÍKOVÁ, Nikol. Kdo nosil nejstarší tetování: Sibiřská princezna z Altaje [online]. 100+1 [cit. 2020-03-08]. Dostupné online. 
  4. ↑ MALLORY, James; ADAMS, Douglas Quentin. Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. Abingdon: Routledge, 1997. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-1884964985. S. 267. 

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