Půltón

Půltón je nejmenší interval vyskytující se v diatonické stupnici, v rovnoměrně temperovaném ladění má poměr frekvencí

Čisté ladění

V čistém ladění existují tři typy půltónů:

  • Diatonický půltón s poměrem frekvencí 16:15, je to jiné označení pro malou sekundu, ve dvanáctitónové stupnici v čistém ladění se tedy vyskytuje mezi tóny c – des, d – es, e – f, fis – g, g – as, a – b a h – c.
  • Velký chromatický půltón s poměrem frekvencí 135:128 (spolu s diatonickým půltónem tvoří velký celý tón s poměrem frekvencí 9:8), je to jiné označení pro zvětšenou primu, ve dvanáctitónové stupnici v čistém ladění se vyskytuje mezi tóny des – d, f – fis a b – h (tóny c – d, f – g a a – h jsou velké celé tóny).
  • Malý chromatický půltón s poměrem frekvencí 25:24 (spolu s diatonickým půltónem tvoří malý celý tón s poměrem frekvencí 10:9), je to také jiné označení pro zvětšenou primu, ve dvanáctitónové stupnici v čistém ladění se vyskytuje mezi tóny es – e a as – a (tóny d – e a g – a jsou malé celé tóny).

Všeobecně se tady diatonický půltón rovná malé sekundě (např. c – des), zatímco chromatický půltón se rovná zvětšené primě (např. c – cis).

Pythagorejské ladění

V pythagorejském ladění existují dva typy půltónů:

  • Limma s poměrem frekvencí 256:243, odvozuje se od řady pěti čistých kvint zmenšených o tři oktávy.
  • Apotomé s poměrem frekvencí 2187:2048, odvozuje se od řady sedmi čistých kvint zmenšených o čtyři oktávy.

Rovnoměrně temperované ladění

V rovnoměrně temperovaném ladění existuje jen jeden univerzální půltón s poměrem frekvencí

Hudební intervaly
Základní

prima (1) • sekunda (2) • tercie (3) • kvarta (4) • kvinta (5) • sexta (6) • septima (7) • oktáva (8)

Větší než oktáva

nona (9) • decima (10) • undecima (11) • duodecima (12) • tercdecima (13) • kvartdecima (14) • kvintdecima (15)

Jednotky
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