Molární plynová konstanta

Molární plynová konstanta (též univerzální plynová konstanta) je fyzikální konstanta používaná ve stavové rovnici, kde uvádí do souvislosti různé stavové veličiny.

Jednotka a značení

  • Jednotka v SI: J·mol−1·K−1
  • Doporučená značka: , popř.

Vlastnosti

Molární plynová konstanta se řadí mezi odvozené fyzikální konstanty a vypočítá se jako součin Avogadrovy konstanty NA a Boltzmannovy konstanty k.:

Po redefinici SI jsou od roku 2019 oba činitele přesnými konstantami, proto i hodnota molární plynové hodnoty je dána přesně:

R = 8,314 462 618 153 24 J·K−1·mol−1 (přesně)[1]
Fyzikální smysl molární plynové konstanty je tepelná kapacita, tzn. množství tepla, které musíme ideálnímu plynu dodat, aby se jeden jeho mol ohřál o jeden kelvin. Například při konstantním objemu (izochorický děj) je Cv,mol=3/2R.

Reference

  1. Fundamental Physical Constants; 2018 CODATA recommended values. NIST, květen 2019. Dostupné online, PDF (anglicky)

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