Megadyptes

Jak číst taxoboxMegadyptes
alternativní popis obrázku chybí
Jediný žijící druh rodu Megadyptes, tučňák žlutooký
Vědecká klasifikace
Říšeživočichové (Animalia)
Kmenstrunatci (Chordata)
Třídaptáci (Aves)
Řádtučňáci (Sphenisciformes)
Čeleďtučňákovití (Spheniscidae)
Rodtučňák (Megadyptes)
Milne-Edwards, 1880
Druhy
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Rod Megadyptes je jeden ze šesti uznávaných rodů tučňáků z čeledi tučňákovití (Spheniscidae). Je zastoupen jediným žijícím druhem, kterým je tučňák žlutooký. (Megadyptes antipodes).[1] Známy jsou ještě dva vyhynulé poddruhy:

Nicméně je třeba podotknout, že některé autority označují poddruh M. a. waitaha za samostatný druh Megadyptes waitaha.

Rod popsal na sklonku svého života francouzský lékař a přírodovědec Henri Milne-Edwards v roce 1880. Slovo Megadyptes v překladu znamená „velký potápěč“ (mega = „velký“, dyptes = „potápěč“). Je známo, že tučňák žlutooký se dokáže potopit do hloubky až 160 metrů.[4]

Tento jediný žijící zástupce rodu čelí velmi vysokému ohrožení. K roku 2020 organizace IUCN uvedla, že přežívá je velmi nízká a navíc klesající populace o počtu 2 600–3 000 dospělých ptáků. Kvůli geograficky omezenému výskytu kolonií (Nový Zéland) může jakákoli mimořádná událost ohrozit budoucnost druhu v přirozeném prostředí. Podle hodnocení novozélandského Ministerstva památkové péče čelí tučňák žlutooký vysokému riziku vyhynutí v krátkodobém horizontu.[4][5]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ a b BOESSENKOOL, Sanne; STAR, Bastiaan; WATERS, Jonathan M. Multilocus assignment analyses reveal multiple units and rare migration events in the recently expanded yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). Molecular Ecology. 2009, roč. 18, čís. 11, s. 2390–2400. Dostupné online [cit. 2021-02-23]. ISSN 1365-294X. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04203.x. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ COLE, Theresa L.; KSEPKA, Daniel T.; MITCHELL, Kieren J. Mitogenomes Uncover Extinct Penguin Taxa and Reveal Island Formation as a Key Driver of Speciation. Molecular Biology and Evolution. 2019-04-01, roč. 36, čís. 4, s. 784–797. Dostupné online [cit. 2021-02-23]. ISSN 0737-4038. doi:10.1093/molbev/msz017. (anglicky) 
  3. ↑ BOESSENKOOL, Sanne; AUSTIN, Jeremy J.; WORTHY, Trevor H. Relict or colonizer? Extinction and range expansion of penguins in southern New Zealand. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2009-03-07, roč. 276, čís. 1658, s. 815–821. PMID: 19019791 PMCID: PMC2664357. Dostupné online [cit. 2021-02-23]. ISSN 0962-8452. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1246. PMID 19019791. 
  4. ↑ a b Yellow-eyed penguin/hoiho. www.doc.govt.nz [online]. Department of Conservation (DOC) [cit. 2021-02-23]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  5. ↑ BirdLife International 2020. Yellow-eyed Penguin (Megadyptes antipodes). IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [online]. IUCN, 2020-08-21. Dostupné online.

Externí odkazy

  • Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Megadyptes na Wikimedia Commons
  • Taxon Megadyptes ve Wikidruzích
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Řád tučňáci (Sphenisciformes)
rod Aptenodytes
rod Eudyptes
rod Eudyptula
rod Megadyptes
rod Pygoscelis
rod Spheniscus

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