Li Šan-čchang

Li Šan-čchang
Li Šan-čchang
Li Šan-čchang
hlavní rádce zleva v ústředním sekretariátu
Ve funkci:
1368 – 1371
PanovníkChung-wu
Předchůdce– (funkce zřízena)
NástupceSü Ta
Narození1314
Ting-jüan, An-chuej
Úmrtí1390
NárodnostChan
Země říše Jüan, říše Sung, říše Ming
DětiLi Qi
PříbuzníChu Wej-jung
Profesepolitik
Náboženstvíkonfucianismus
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.
Li Šan-čchang je čínské jméno, v němž Li je příjmení.

Li Šan-čchang (čínsky pchin-jinem Lǐ Shànzhǎng,, znaky 李善長; 1314–1390) byl čínský politik sloužící Chung-wuovi, zakladateli a prvnímu císaři říše Ming. Roku 1367 byl jmenován vévodou (kung, 公) z Chan. V letech 1368–1371 ve funkci hlavního rádce zleva vedl ústřední sekretariát a tím stál v čele civilní správy mingské Číny.

Jména

Chu Jen používal zdvořilostní jméno Žuo-s’ čínsky pchin-jinem Ruòsī, znaky 若思) a pseudonym I-an (čínsky pchin-jinem Yíān, znaky zjednodušené 颐庵, tradiční 頤菴).

Život

Li Šan-čchang se narodil roku 1314, pocházel z okresu Ting-jüan na východě provincie An-chuej. Patřil mezi místní džentry, studoval zejména filozofii legistů.[1] Roku 1354 vstoupil do služeb Ču Jüan-čanga.[2] Učil ho historii, povzbuzoval k následování příkladu Liou Panga, muže prostého původu, který sjednotil Čínu pod svou vládou. Jako schopný a energický administrátor se stal předním činitelem Čuovy civilní správy.[1] Prosazoval politiku umírněnosti, „získání srdcí lidí“ a spolupráce s džentry.[3]

Roku 1367 Ču třem nejbližším spolupracovníkům, Li Šan-čchangovi a generálům Sü Taovi a Čchang Jü-čchunovi udělil titul vévody.[2] Li se stal vévodou z Chan (Chan kuo-kung, 韓國公).[3] Začátkem roku 1368 Ču Jüan-čang vyhlásil říši Ming a sebe jejím císařem. Vzápětí jmenoval Li Šan-čchanga do čela ústředního sekretariátu ve funkci hlavního rádce zleva, čímž Li stanul na vrcholu mingské státní správy. Roku 1371, když Li postřehl nespokojenost císaře s jeho prací, s odvoláním na nemoc rezignoval.[4]

Roku 1390 byl obviněn se spolčení se svým příbuzným a nástupcem Chu Wej-jungem, popraveným před deseti lety, a také popraven i s celou rodinou a širokým okruhem příbuzných.[3]

Reference

  1. ↑ a b MOTE, Frederick W. Imperial China 900-1800. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2003. 1136 s. Dostupné online. ISBN 0-674-01212-7. S. 550. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ a b LANGLOIS, JR., John D. The Hung-wu reign, 1368–1398. In: MOTE, Frederick W.; TWITCHETT, Denis C. The Cambridge History of China Volume 7: The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. ISBN 0521243327. S. 107. (anglicky)
  3. ↑ a b c ANDREW, Anita N; RAPP, John A. Autocracy and China’s Rebel Founding Emperors: Comparing Chairman Mao and Ming Taizu. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2000. Dostupné online. ISBN 0-8476-9580-8. S. 161. (anglicky) [dále jen Andrew, Rapp]. 
  4. ↑ Andrew, Rapp, str. 148.

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