Lexém

Lexém je základní jednotka slovní zásoby jazyka. Jedná se o množinu všech tvarů určitého slova nebo slovního spojení.

Lexém je abstraktní jednotka, jeho konkrétní vyjádření se označuje jako lex. Pokud má určité slovo více tvarů, obvykle v důsledku skloňování nebo časování, označují se tyto jednotlivé tvary jako alolexy. Reprezentativní tvar slova (alolex), uváděný ve slovnících, se nazývá lemma.

Příklad:
Lexém reprezentovaný lemmatem (slovníkovým vstupem) pes může v textu nabývat například tyto konkrétní podoby (alolexy): pes, psa, psu, psovi, psem, psi, psů, psům, psy, psech.

Každý lexém je složen z jednoho nebo více morfémů (kořen, předpona, přípona, koncovka atd.). Jejich konkrétní vyjádření se nazývají morfy.

Jeden nebo více lexémů tvoří syntagmém (větný vzorec). Konkrétní realizace syntagmému se nazývá věta.

Externí odkazy

  • Slovníkové heslo lexém ve Wikislovníku
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