Kleinův paradox

Kleinův paradox je fyzikální jev, který v roce 1929 zformuloval švédský fyzik Oskar Klein. Jeho teorie popisuje bizarní chování rychle se pohybujících elektronů.

Vysvětlení pojmu

Představme si, že elektron vložíme do otevřené krabice z křemíku. Z pohledu klasické fyziky by v ní zůstal uvězněn. Z pohledu fyziky kvantové by se mohl sice „protunelovat“ ven, avšak čím vyšší a silnější stěny bychom použili, tím menší by měl elektron šanci na útěk. Klein ovšem postuloval tezi, že pokud by jeho rychlost byla dostatečně vysoká, ani libovolně silné stěny by elektronu v úniku nezabránily. Jinak řečeno, při hodně vysoké rychlosti by elektrony procházely stěnami, jako by tam žádné nebyly.

Soudilo se, že tyto podmínky jsou možné jen např. v blízkosti černých děr. Avšak s objevem grafenu je možné, že tento paradox bude pro kvazičástice ověřen za vynaložení mnohem menší energie,[1] a to již během několika let.

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ KATSNELSON, M. I.; NOVOSELOV, K. S.; GEIM, A. K. Chiral tunnelling and the Klein paradox in graphene. S. 620–625. Nature Physics [online]. 2006-09. Roč. 2, čís. 9, s. 620–625. Dostupné online. DOI 10.1038/nphys384. (anglicky) 

Související články

Externí odkazy

  • KUČERA, Josef. Co má obyčejná tužka společného s kvantovým tunelováním. Technet.cz [online]. 2006-10-04 [cit. 2009-01-11]. Dostupné online. 

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